B2
- Created by: robyn16
- Created on: 28-01-14 18:52
What is classification?
when living organisms are organised into groups
1 of 60
What is a natural classification?
genetic similarities between organisms
2 of 60
What is artificial classification?
when the classificiation is based on looks rather than genes
3 of 60
What is the order of the classification system?
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
4 of 60
What is a genus?
A group of closely-related species
5 of 60
Why do classification systems change over time?
because new species are discovered and may not fit the catagories
6 of 60
What is the definition of a species?
a group of organisms which can INTERBREED to produce FERTILE OFFSPRING
7 of 60
What is asexual reproduction?
Is when an organism reproduces by making a copy of itself- NO INTERBREEDING WITH ANOTHER ORGANSIM
8 of 60
What is a hybrids?
when you breed a male from one species with a female from a different one
9 of 60
What is the binomial system? Give an example.
Gives everything a two part name homo-spaiens
10 of 60
What are pyramids of biomass?
It shows the mass of of the living material at that particular stage in the food process
11 of 60
What are pyramids of numbers?
These focus on the NUMBER of organisms not the mass
12 of 60
What are the 3 main reasons energy is lost?
Light, excretion/egestion, and heat loss, respiration
13 of 60
What are tropic levels?
the different animals/materials that are in the food chain
14 of 60
How do you find out how much of something was lost?
You take away the next energy available from the previous.... e.g. 80000-10000= 70,000
15 of 60
What are the two types of competiton within species?
IntErspecific and intrAspecific
16 of 60
What is intErspecific competition?
is when organisms compete for reources against individuals from another species
17 of 60
What is intrAspecific?
when organisms compete for recources against individualds from the SAME species
18 of 60
What one, interspecific or intraspecific, has a bigger impact? Explain why?
intrAspecific has a bigger impact because individuals in the same species need the SAME needs and have to compete for the same things
19 of 60
What is a parasite? Example
live off a host. They take what they need to surive without giving anything back. Tapeworm- absorbs nutrients from the host
20 of 60
What is a mutualism? Example
is where the host and parasite benefit. Oxpeckers- live on the back of buffalo. They eat pests but also make the buffalo aware of any predators by hissing
21 of 60
What do adaptations do?
they help organisms to surive
22 of 60
What is the advantage of adaptations?
they help animals to survive, reproduce and pass on thie adaptations to their offspring
23 of 60
What are specialists organisms?
these are adapted to live in a SPECIFIC habitat,e.g. giant pandas
24 of 60
What are generalists?
these are adapted to live in a range of different habitats, e.g. black rats
25 of 60
What are extremophiles?
they live in extreme conditions (hot or cold)
26 of 60
How do extremophile bacteria live?
they live in HOT conditions, the enzymes work best at a higher temperature then other ones. These fuction normally at temperatures that would usually denature the enzymes. 65 degrees
27 of 60
How do organisms that live in cold environments live?
They have anitfreeze proteins. They interfere with the formation and growth of ice crystals and stops the cells getting damaged.
28 of 60
Give 3 examples of anatomical adaptations.
thick coat/layer of blubber to insulate, large size body and compact body shape
29 of 60
What is darwins theory called?
natural selection (survival of the fittest)
30 of 60
What is natural selection?
he thought that the fittest (best adapted) animals would be more successful so more likely to survive. SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST. The successful organisms would then reproduce which will pass on the adaptations onto the offspring
31 of 60
How are adaptations passed on through off spring?
by the genes (DNA)
32 of 60
What is speciation?
when over time an organism has changed so much that it has formed a whole new species,
33 of 60
How does speciation occur?
a physical barrier (river) will divide the species so they cannot mix, different mutations, fertile offdpring produced
34 of 60
Why is the binomial system important to the worldwide scientists?
scientists all over the world can know the name of the animal as all scientists refer to the same things
35 of 60
What are counter-current heat exchange systems?
blood vessels going to and from the feet carry blood that flows in opposite directions. The vessels pass close to each other, allowing heat to transfer. So feet remain cold
36 of 60
Name a behavioural adaptation.
some hibernate, some migrate to warmer climates during the winter, penguins huddle together
37 of 60
How do behavioural adaptations increase heat loss?
animals stay underground or in shade to reduce heat getting to them
38 of 60
How do anatomical adaptations increase heat loss?
some have large surface area to volume ratio so they loose more body heat e.g. large ears on aniamls
39 of 60
How have plants adapted to the dry environments?
round shaped minimises water loss, thick waxy layer, store water in their stems, have shallow but extensive roots
40 of 60
How have animals adapted to the dry environments?
Special kidneys so they produce concentrated urine, no sweat glands prevents water being lost, spend time underground
41 of 60
Why didn't people agree with Darwins theory?
went against religious beliefs about how the earth developed, not enough evidence to convince many scientists
42 of 60
What was Lamarks theory?
he thought that if a characteristic as used enough by an animal then it would be developed which would then be passed on to it's offspring. EXAMPLE- giraffes necks
43 of 60
Why do people nowadays accept Darwins theory?
it has been debated and tested by many scientists- good explination
44 of 60
What is the carbon cycle powered by?
photosynthsis
45 of 60
What is the cause of global warming?
fossil fuels, coal and oil and natural gas
46 of 60
What happens in global warming?
the fossil fuels,coal,oil and natural gas are burnt which releases lots of carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas. These are trapped in the atmosphere which causes the temperature to increase
47 of 60
What animals can live in unpolluted conditions?
Lichens- used to monitor air quality, mayfly larvae- monitor water quality
48 of 60
What animals are adapted to live in polluted conditions?
Water lice, rat-tailed maggots and sludge worms
49 of 60
Advantages of living methods to look at pollution levels.
quick, cheap and easy
50 of 60
Disadvantages of living methods to look at pollution levels.
not always reliable
51 of 60
Advantages of non living methods to look at pollution levels.
reliable, numerical and shows the exact pollutants that are identified
52 of 60
Disadvantages of non living methods to look at pollution levels.
very expensive to get the equipment
53 of 60
What does endagered mean?
when there is not many of the species left in the wild
54 of 60
Species become endagered when...
the number of habitats decrease, the number of individuals harder to find mates to produce, GENETIC VARIATION
55 of 60
How do conservation programmers benefit the wildlife and humans
protects human food supply, minimal damage to the food change, future medicines, cultural aspects
56 of 60
What is sustainable development?
providing for the needs of today's increasing population without harming the environment
57 of 60
Whats being done to promote sustainable development?
fishing quotas which stops fish such as cod becoming extinct, logging companies have to plant new trees each time
58 of 60
What is captive breeding?
it is when an animal has been captured and made to breed in captivity so more of the animal can be produced
59 of 60
Why do you never usually get over 5 tropic levels?
so much energy is lost at each stage that there's not enough left to support more organisms
60 of 60
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is a natural classification?
Back
genetic similarities between organisms
Card 3
Front
What is artificial classification?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is the order of the classification system?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is a genus?
Back
Related discussions on The Student Room
- University of Sheffield dentistry »
- Physics Magnetic fields »
- low ucat dental schools »
- number systems »
- Help with Statistical Test! »
- Guidance needed on where to get a GCE »
- Official: University of East Anglia (UEA) A100 2024 Entry »
- Regular Perturbation Problem »
- B2 French or B1 Russian? »
- A level maths help »
Similar Biology resources:
3.0 / 5 based on 6 ratings
4.5 / 5 based on 4 ratings
5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
3.5 / 5 based on 2 ratings
5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
1.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
3.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
2.0 / 5 based on 2 ratings
5.0 / 5 based on 2 ratings
Comments
Report
Report
Report
Report
Report
Report
Report
Report