6. What do different types of white blood cells do
Carry oxygen to the heart
Destroy red blood cells
Some engulf and digest invading microorganisms and others produce antibodies which recognize and destroy invading microorganisms
contain hemoglobin — a red, iron-rich protein that gives blood its red color. Hemoglobin enables red blood cells to carry oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body and to carry carbon dioxide from other parts of the body to your lungs so that
7. Pathogens include:
Pathogens and bacteria
Bacteria and viruses
Fungi and bacteria
Bacteria
8. What are antimicrobials
chemicals that prevent the growth of microorganisms, so provide protection against the disease
they are effective against bacteria but not against viruses. they allow doctors to treat illnesses caused by bacteria, such as tuberculosis
a disease that rapidly spreads through a large population
9. What is the lag phase
When there is lots of reproductions taking place
When there is no reproduction. The bacteria are copying DNA and proteins within their single cells
When something lags
10. When is someone said to be immune to a particular pathogen
When they feel the symptoms
When memory cells have been created for the same antigen
When they recovered from it for the first time
11. why is it very hard to produce a permanent vaccine for viruses
because they mutate quickly, and this changes their surface proteins
because their antigens change shape very quickly
because they are too big to control
12. What is binary fission
When hydrogen atoms fuse with other hydrogen atoms to form a compound bond
A type of asexual reproduction where bacteria reproduce by dividing into two
When the binary numbers in computer science total to 100
The library cafe in cambridge
13. What do pathogens have on their surface
Poo
They have chemicals that antibodies recognize as foreign (antigens)
Antibodies which like to engulf microorganisms
14. what is a placebo
the part where the baby is held in a woman
a fake drug made to look like a drug, but without the active ingredient
a woman's sexual organs
15. What is the stationary phase
When the cells stop working
Where resources begin to become scarce and bacteria are dying at the same rates so being produce
When the car stops
16. What are the bodies internal defences
Blood
Immune system
Bones and immune system
17. why are volunteers in a clinical trial put into two groups at random
because two is an even number
because it is important that the results of clinical trials are not influenced by the expectations of the people involved
to make sure both groups have a similar gender balance and age range
18. What do memory cells do
These can produce large numbers of antibodies very quickly if the microorganism enters he body again
They engulf the pathogen
They control oxygen levels
19. what is an open blind trial
when the patient and doctor both know the treatment. This type of trial happens when there is no other treatment and the patients are so ill that doctors believe they will not recover from their illnesses
when one group called the test group is given the new drug being trialled. the results are compared with the control group. one control group receives existing treatment the other control group receives a placebo
the patient becomes blind/severely blind due to vaccination
20. When diseases are caused by viruses symptoms are caused by
The rain in the clouds
Damage to the cells as the viruses reproduce
Fatty substances (especially ones in high saturated fat) that will block veins and arteries from maintaining potential bloody flow
