B2 - 'Keeping Healthy'

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What is a healthy organism?
An organism that is in a state of well-being and is functioning as it should be, physically, mentally and socially.
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What is a disease?
A condition that commonly damages cells of the host and impairs the normal structures or functioning of the organism.
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Name two causes of disease and ill health.
1. Infection by pathogen. 2. Mutation in the organisms genes. 3. The organism may be affected by environmental conditions. 4. The organism has experienced trauma that has affected their health. 5. The organisms' lifestyle may affect their health.
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What is a communicable disease? Give an example.
A disease that can spread between organisms and is caused by infection. E.G. cold, flu, chicken pox, HIV, cholera.
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What is a non communicable disease and what are they caused by? Give an example of both.
A disease that cannot be passed from one organism to another. They are caused by genetic mutations, lifestyle and environmental factors. E.G. cancer, diabetes, asthma, Alzheimer's.
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What is a pathogen?
A disease causing organism.
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What is the incubation period?
The period between catching an infection and symptoms appearing.
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What is a vector? Give an example.
An organism that can carry a disease and transmit it from one person to another. E.G. a mosquito.
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What is a protist?
A eukaryotic organism that is not a plant, animal or fungi.
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How can communicable diseases spread?
They can be spread through bodily fluids (blood - contaminated needles, breast milk, semen - unprotected sex), on surfaces, animal vectors, in soil, food (eating contaminated foods), and water (drinking or bathing in dirty water).
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Describe a microbial example of a non-specific defense of the human body.
When pathogens make it to the gut, they have to compete with the bacteria which naturally live in the gut (intestines), in order to survive.
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Describe chemical plant defence responses, including antimicrobial substances.
If a pathogen manages to cross their physical defences, they can detect it and respond by producing antimicrobial substances as a form of chemical defence.
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Describe a microbial example of a defense system of a plant.
Phytoalexins may be produced in response to infection by a pathogen - these are thought to disrupt the metabolism and cell structure of some species of fungi and bacteria.
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How do white blood cells consume foreign cells?
Some white blood cells (phagocytes) have a flexible membrane and contain a lot of enzymes. This enables them to engulf (ingest) foreign cells and digest them. This is called phagocytosis.
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What are antitoxins? what do they do?
Some white blood cells also produce antitoxins which counteract these toxin produced by pathogens and so limit any damage done by the invading pathogens.
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How can the spread of communicable diseases in humans and animals be reduced?
Isolating infected individuals (e.g. restricting travel), vaccination, destroying the infected animals (infected animals may pass on the disease to other individuals).
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Why is reducing or preventing the spread of communicable diseases in plants important?
Plant diseases can reduce food sources for many organisms and can damage habitats for other organisms in an eco system.
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What are vaccinations?
Injecting dead, inactive or weakened pathogens into the body. These carry antigens that trigger an immune response - your WBCs produce antigens to attack them. Some of these WBCs will remain in the blood as memory cells, so if live pathogens of the s
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a disease?

Back

A condition that commonly damages cells of the host and impairs the normal structures or functioning of the organism.

Card 3

Front

Name two causes of disease and ill health.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a communicable disease? Give an example.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is a non communicable disease and what are they caused by? Give an example of both.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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