The long strand of DNA is circular and found free in the cytoplasm. There are also plasmids which are small circular bits of DNA.
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HOW DO YEAST CELLS REPRODUCE?
By asexual budding - a new yeast cell grows out from the original.
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Describe a fat cell
little cytoplasm and lots of fat. Few mitochondria as they need little energy. Can expand up to 1000 times original size.
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describe a sperm cell
long tail for movement. Middle section is full of mitochondria. The acrosome stores digestive enzymes to break the outer layer of the egg. There is a large nucleus containing genetic information.
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Name 3 tissues in your stomach and what they do
Muscular tissue: churns digestive juices. Glandular tissue: produces digestive juices. Epithelial tissue: covers inside and outside of the organ.
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How do plants use glucose to make amino acids?
they combine sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions.
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what else do plants use glucose for?
respiration, turn it to starch to store it, turn it into more complex carbohydrates such as cellulose, build up fats and oils as an energy store.
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what factors affect living organisms (5)?
Nutrient, light, CO2 and oxygen levels, availability of water, temperature
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what carbohydrase breaks down starch?
amalayse
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where is amalayse produced?
salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine
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where is protease produced?
Stomach, pancreas and small intestine
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what are lipids broken down into and by what enzyme?
fatty acids and glycerol by lipase
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how is the acidic liquid in your stomach made alkaline for the small intestine?
Live makes bile and stores it into your gall bladder. as food comes into the small intestine from the stomach bile is squirted onto it, to neutralise it and then make it alkaline
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what else does bile do?
It emulsifies fats- breaks them up into smaller drops of fatto provide a larger surface area for lipase
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what enzyme is used to change glucose syrup in to fructose syrup?
isomerase
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how do mitochondria increase their surface area?
they have a folded inner membran
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Why do we need respiration (3)?
energy for: muscle contraction, maintaining body temperature, build small molecules into larger ones
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what is a good source of stem cells in a human body?
bone marrow
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where on babies have scientists found stem cells?
umbilical chord blood
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homozygous
an individual with two identical alleles for a characteristic
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heterozygous
an individual with different alleles for a characteristic
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genotype
this describes the genetic makeup of an individual regarding a particular characteristic
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phenotype
this describes the physical appearance of an individual regarding a particular characteristic
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what causes animals to go extinct? (3)
New predators, new disease, one species is a more successful competitor, sudden climate change
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
HOW DO YEAST CELLS REPRODUCE?
Back
By asexual budding - a new yeast cell grows out from the original.
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