B2

?
give two ways that infectious diseases cause symptoms
damage to cells and toxins
1 of 44
name three microorganisms
viruses, bacteria and fungi
2 of 44
name the three conditions needed for bacteria to multiply rapidly
warmth, moisture and oxygen
3 of 44
what does the word engulf mean?
to surround and digest
4 of 44
how are microorganisms recognised?
antigens on their surface
5 of 44
different microorganisms have different antigens, true or false?
true
6 of 44
what does the white blood cell make that attaches to the antigen on the microbe?
antibodies
7 of 44
what type of white blood cell remains in the blood stream and makes antibodies quickly if the microbe enters again?
memory cells
8 of 44
what does the word immune mean?
someone has memory cells to make the antibodies quickly before the symptoms are shown
9 of 44
what do vaccinations usally contain?
a safe (dead or inactive) form of the microorganism
10 of 44
what do vaccinations usually cause the body to make?
antibodies
11 of 44
vaccinations are never risk free, true or false?
true, because different people have different side effects to vaccinations
12 of 44
why do people react differently to drugs and vaccines?
genetic differences
13 of 44
why is it important to vaccinate a large proportion of the population?
to prevent epidemics
14 of 44
antibiotics only work on what type of microorganism?
bacteria
15 of 44
if an antibiotic does not kill bacteria, the bacteria is...?
resistant
16 of 44
give two ways we can reduce the number of antibiotic resistant bacteria?
1)only take the antibiotic when necessary 2) complete the course of antibiotics
17 of 44
what causes bacteria not to be destroyed by the antibiotic?
mutations in the DNA
18 of 44
why are drugs such as vaccines tested on human cells in a lab first?
safety
19 of 44
why are human trials on healthy volunteers carried out?
safety
20 of 44
why are human trials carried out on people with the illness?
safety and effectiveness
21 of 44
what type of drug trial does the patient and the doctor KNOW they have been given the drug and NOT a placebo?
open trial
22 of 44
in what type of drug trial does the patient and the doctor NOT KNOW that they have been given the drug but the placebo
double-blind trial
23 of 44
in wha type of drug trial does the patient NOT KNOW but the doctor KNOWS whether they have been given a drug or a placebo?/
blind trial
24 of 44
why is the heart called a double pump?
the left side of the heart pumps blood to the rest of the body, the right side pumps blood to the lungs
25 of 44
why does the heart have its own blood supply?
it supplies oxygen to the heart muscles
26 of 44
which blood vessel carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
arteries
27 of 44
which blood vessel carries blood away from the body into the heart?
vein
28 of 44
what type of blood vessel delivers the blood to the cells and is only one cell thick so the gases can diffuse easily?
capillary
29 of 44
what does blood pressure measure?
the pressure of the blood on the walls of the arteries
30 of 44
blood pressure has two numbers - what do the upper and lower numbers show?
the upper number - pressure when the heart is contracting (systole). the lower number - pressure when the heart is relaxing (diastole)
31 of 44
why is normal blood pressure given within a range?
people vary
32 of 44
when someone has a heart attack, what has built up in the arteries that supply the heart with oxygen?
fatty deposits
33 of 44
what can increase the risk of heart disease?
poor diet, stress, smoking, misuse of drugs, genetic factors
34 of 44
how do scientists know which factors increase the risks of diseases such as heart disease?
epidemiological studies, large scale genetic studies
35 of 44
name four drugs that can increase your blood pressure and heart rate, increasing the risk of heart attack
ecstasy, cannabis, nicotine and alcohol
36 of 44
what does homeostasis mean?
keeping a constant internal environment
37 of 44
what process is when a change in the bodies system is reversed to maintain a constant internal environment?
negative feedback
38 of 44
name three ways that water is gained
drinks, food and respiration
39 of 44
name the four ways water is lost
sweating, breathing, faeces and urine
40 of 44
where is the hormne ADH produced?
pituitary gland
41 of 44
what happens to the ADH production and urine concentration if someone is dehydrated?
more ADH is released, water is reabsorbed into the bloodstream and less water is lost in urine (urine is more concentrated)
42 of 44
what does alcohol do to the ADH production?
suppresses it, so more water is lost in urine meaning it can lead to dehydration
43 of 44
what does ecstasy do to the ADH production?
increases it, so less water is lost in urine.
44 of 44

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

name three microorganisms

Back

viruses, bacteria and fungi

Card 3

Front

name the three conditions needed for bacteria to multiply rapidly

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what does the word engulf mean?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

how are microorganisms recognised?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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