B2

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What does a nucleus do?
it contains the gentic material that controls the activity in the cell
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what is the cytoplasm?
gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen, it contains enzymes that control these reactions
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what is the cell membrane?
it holds the cell together and controls what enters and leaves the cell
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what is mitochondria?
where most of the reactions for respiration take place. respiration releases energy the cell needs to work.
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what are ribosomes?
these are where proteins are made in the cell
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Plant cells usually have all of the thing that animal cells have and a few extra things, what are they?
plant cells also have a rigid cell wall, permanent vacuole and chloroplasts
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what it a cell wall?
made of cellulose and it supports the cell and strengthens it.
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what is a vacuole?
it contaisn cell sap which is a weak solution or sugars and salts
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what is chloroplasts?
these are where photosnthesis occur which makes food for the cell. they contaisn a green substance called chlorophyll
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what is diffusion?
diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
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why is diffusion helpful?
dissolved substance can move in and out of cells due to diffusion, very small molecules like oxygen, glucose, water etc. can diffuse into cells
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how are palisade cells specialised?
they are packed with chlorophyll for photosynthesis, they are packed at the top of the plant so nearer the light. their tall shape means a lot of surface area to absorb C02.their thin shape allows lots of them to be packed together
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how are red blood cells specialised?
concave shape gives them a big surface area for absorbing oxygen, they are packed with haemoglobin (a substance that absorbs oxygen), they have no nucleus which leaves more room for haemoglobin
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how are the sperm and egg cells specialised?
the egg carries lots of food reserves to feed the embryo, sperm has a long tail and streamline head to help it swim, sperm carry enzymes in its head, the eggs membrane changes its structue to stop any more sperm entering.
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what are large multicellular organisms made up of?
they have different organ systems for exchanging and transporting material.
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what is a tissue?
a tissue is made up of a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function.
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what is an organ?
an organ is a group of tissues that work together to perform a certain function
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what is photosynthesis?
carbondioxide + water = glucose + oxygen
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how does photosynthesis happen?
1) the sun provides the energy to the chloroplasts. 2) water is provided to the cell via the xylem. 3)carbon dioxide diffuses into the leaf cell
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what does the rate of photosynthesis depend on?
it is affected by the intensity of light, the amount of carbon dioxide available, and the temperature, and the amount of water
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how do plants use glucose?
they use it for respiration, they convert it to cellulose to make the cell wall, they combine with nitrate ions to make proteins, they can be stored as starch or as lipids (fats)
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what can determine where an organism can be found?
temperature, availability of water, availability of oxygen and carbon dioxide, availability of nutrients, amount of light.
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what are enzymes?
enzymes are catalysts producd by living things
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what is a catalyst?
a catalyst is something that speeds up a chemical reaction but does not take place in the reaction
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what does an enzyme need to work best?
it needs the right temperature (around 37 degrees, if it is too hot is gets damaged/de-natured) and the righ tamount of PH
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what do digestive enzymes do?
they break down large molecules into much smaller ones
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what is respiration?
respiration is the process of releasing energy from glucose which goes in every cell
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aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water+ energy
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anaerobic respiration
glucose = energy + lactic acid
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what are chromosomes?
they are long molecules of DNA
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mitosis
mitosis makes new cells for growth and repair- when a cell reproduces itself by splitting producing 2 identical offspring
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meiosis
meiosis produces cells which have half the normal amount of chromosomes ( this only happens in sexual organs such as testes and ovaries
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is the cytoplasm?

Back

gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen, it contains enzymes that control these reactions

Card 3

Front

what is the cell membrane?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is mitochondria?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what are ribosomes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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Sammyjay14u

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  1. The printing is not that good if u want to do double sided.

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