B1a: Fitness and Health

This item looks at the differences between health and fitness, concentrating on the causes and prevention of heart disease, which is the most commn cause of death in the UK.

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Why is blood in the arteries under pressure? (2)
because of contraction of heart muscles and so the blood reaches all parts of the body.
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What factors increase the chance of developing heart disease?(4)
Eating high levels of salt and saturated fat, high blood pressure and smoking.
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How can chloestrol restrict or block blood flow in the arteries?
It forms plaques in the artery wall which narrows the arteries.
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What does blood pressure consist of?
Systolic and Diastolic pressure.
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What is blood pressure measured in?
mmHg (mm of mercury.)
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What is systolic pressure?
The blood pressure at its highest when the heart contracts.
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What's it called when the blood pressure is at its lowest (relaxes)?
Diastolic pressure
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Four factors that increase blood pressure.
Being overweight, smoking, stress and high alcohol intake.
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Two factors that decrease blood pressure.
Regular excercise and a balanced diet.
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What are the consequences of having high blood pressure? (4)
Causes blood vessels to burst, leading to strokes, brain and kidney damage.
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What are the consequences of having low blood pressure?(4/5)
Causes poor circulation, tissues don't get all the oxygen and food they need. If the brain doesn't get enough food and oxygen become faint and dizzy.
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What is fitness?
A measure of how well you can perform physical tasks.
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What is health?
Being free from any infections or diseases.
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Ways of measuring fitness. (5)
Agility, Flexibility, Speed, Stamina and Strength.
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What is Stamina?
Stamina is how long you can keep going for.
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What is stamina a good indication of?
Cardiovascular Efficiency.
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What is Cardiovascular efficiency?
the ability of the heart to supply the muscles with oxygen.
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How can stamina be tested?(2)
It can be tested by measuring oxygen uptake during excercise, and blood pressure.
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2 factors that increase blood pressure to do with smoking?
Carbon Monoxide and Nicotine.
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How does Carbon Monoxide increase blood pressure?
Carbon Monoxide combines with haemoglobin in red blood cells which reduces the amount of oxygen they can carry. To make up for this the heart rate has to increase.
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How does nicotine increase blood pressure?
It increases the heart rate.
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How does high salt levels increase blood pressure?
Increases the risk of damage ti the arteries, which can cause the build up of plaque, leading to a heart attack.
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How does saturated fat increase blood pressure?
It builds up in up in your arteries, forming plaque in the artery, which narrows them. This restricts the flow of blood, which can cause a heart attack.
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How does narrowed coronary arteries increase the risk of a heart attack?
Causes restricted blood flow to the heart. If a thrombosis occurs, blood flow might be completeky stopped, this means an area of the heart will be cut from its oxygen, causing a heart attack.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What factors increase the chance of developing heart disease?(4)

Back

Eating high levels of salt and saturated fat, high blood pressure and smoking.

Card 3

Front

How can chloestrol restrict or block blood flow in the arteries?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does blood pressure consist of?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is blood pressure measured in?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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