Contains genetic material arranged into chromosomes.
Nucleus
1 of 23
A long molecule of DNA coiled up. Humans have 23 pairs
Chromosome
2 of 23
A short length of a chromosome. Control the development of different characteristics. Codes for proteins.
Gene
3 of 23
Part of things like skin, hair, blood etc.
Structual proteins
4 of 23
E.g Enzymes help with digestion by breaking down food molecules
Functional proteins
5 of 23
All the genes an organism has
Genotype
6 of 23
Characteristics an organism displays
Phenotype
7 of 23
Controlled either by genes, environmental factors or a combination of both
Characteristics
8 of 23
Have 23 single chromosomes
Sex cells
9 of 23
Different forms of the same gene
Alleles
10 of 23
Two alleles the same for that particular gene
Homozygous
11 of 23
Two different alleles
Heterozygous
12 of 23
Carries a gene which makes an embro develop into a male as it grows. This gene causes a specific protein to be produced which causes development of testes.
Y chromosome
13 of 23
Caused by a faulty recessive allele. Symptoms include chest infections, difficulty in breathing/digesting food.
Cystic Fibrosis
14 of 23
Caused by a dominant allele. Symptoms don't usually appear until after the age of 40 and include tremors, memory loss and poor concentration.
Huntington's Disease
15 of 23
Genetically identical organisms with the same genes and alleles.
Clones
16 of 23
Where there is one parent and offspring are identical to each other and the parent.
Asexual reproduction
17 of 23
Move out from base of plant and form new plants at their tips.
Horizontal stems
18 of 23
Grow to form a new identical plant.
Bulbs
19 of 23
Formed when a single egg is fertalised by sperm and the embryo splits into two. Two separate embryos develop.
Identical twins
20 of 23
Unspecialised cells which can develop into different types of cells depending on what instructions they're given.
Stem cells
21 of 23
Unspecialised and found in early embryos. Have the potential to turn into any kind of cell.
Embryonic stem cells
22 of 23
Unspecialised cells found in adult animals. Can specialise into many cells. Involved in maintaining and repairing old and damaged tissues.
Adult stem cells
23 of 23
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A long molecule of DNA coiled up. Humans have 23 pairs
Back
Chromosome
Card 3
Front
A short length of a chromosome. Control the development of different characteristics. Codes for proteins.
Back
Card 4
Front
Part of things like skin, hair, blood etc.
Back
Card 5
Front
E.g Enzymes help with digestion by breaking down food molecules
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