B1 Edexcel | Influences On Life

- Classification + Naming Species

- Identification, variation + adaptation

- Evolution

- Genes + Variation

- Genetic Disorders

- Homeostasis + Body Temperature

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What is variation?
The difference between organisms.
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Why don't we look exactly the same as our parents?
We get 50% of our genes from each parent. They both have different genes.
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What is continuous variation?
A range of values that change gradually, e.g: height, foot size.
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What is discontinuous variation?
Not a continuous range of values, e.g: who can roll their tongue and who cannot (basically like yes/no questions)
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What is adaptation?
Changes in our body or behaviour in order to survive in our habitat.
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Who came up with the theory of Natural Selection and Evolution?
Charles Darwin
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What is Natural Selection?
1) Species will have many offspring, as a result overpopulating. 2) Survival of the fittest for food, water, living space, mates, ect. 3) Better adapted members survive 4) Survivors pass down best genes to offspring
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What is Evolution?
The theory of change of organisms over time
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Homozygous?
2 alleles of the same type (Remember: homo = same)
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Heterozygous?
2 alleles of different type ( Remember: Hetero = different)
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Recessive?
Gene that only shows when paired with another recessive allele
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Symptoms of Sickle Cell Anaemia?
Shortness of breath, sudden pain, feeling weak and tired, swelling of hands and feet.
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What causes Sickle Cell Anaemia?
2 recessive alleles. Mutation alters shape of haemoglobin molecules, meaning less oxygen is absorbed.
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What is mutation?
A change in a species' DNA
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Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis?
Breathing difficulties (mucus blocks lung airways) , problems digesting food ( mucus sticks to digestive tract) and lung infections (bacteria gets trapped in mucus) .
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Cause of Cystic Fibrosis?
2 recessive alleles
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Main Vertebrate Groups?
Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians, Fish and Birds.
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How many Animal Kingdoms are there and what are they?
There are 5 Animal Kingdoms. They are: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protoctista and Prokaryotes.
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Characteristics of Animalia?
Multicellular, no cell wall, no chlorophyll, feed heterotrophically (obtain food from environment)
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Characteristics of Plantae?
Multicellular, cells have chlorophyll, has cell walls and feeds autotrophically (through photosynthesis)
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Characteristics of Fungi?
Multicellular, cells have no chlorophyll, has cell walls and feeds saprophytically (on dead organic matter)
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Characteristics of Protoctista?
Unicellular, has a nucleus.
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Characteristics of Prokaryotes?
Unicellular, no nucleus.
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Why aren't viruses classed as living things?
They are unable to reproduce without a host cell and they cannot control their own metabolism. They also do not have a distinct nucleus.
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Why is it difficult to group certain organisms?
Some contain characteristics for different groups.
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What is Binomial Classification?
2 part, Latin naming system to identify organisms. First part Genus, second part Species.
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What is Homeostasis?
It maintains a constant environment in the body. Helps to maintain correct levels of: Water, oxygen, glucose and carbon dioxide.
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How can humans increase body temperature?
Exercise
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How do humans decrease body temperature?
Sweating
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What is Vasodilation?
When you are too hot, vessels get wider and allows more warm blood to flow near skin surface, allowing heat to be lost by radiation in air.
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What is Vasoconstriction?
When you are too cold, vessels get narrower and less warm blood flows, meaning less heat is lost by radiation.
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What is a Poikilotherm?
A cold-blooded vertebrate: Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles.
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What is a Homeotherm?
A warm-blooded vertebrate: Birds, Mammals.
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What is Eutrophication?
When nitrates from fertilisers leak into rivers, it causes algae to grow on top of the water. Algae uses up all the oxygen and blocks the sunlight. This prevents underwater plants from photosynthesising and producing oxygen. Wildlife/fish in water die.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Why don't we look exactly the same as our parents?

Back

We get 50% of our genes from each parent. They both have different genes.

Card 3

Front

What is continuous variation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is discontinuous variation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is adaptation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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