B16

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What is a community?
Made up of different populations of different species of animals, plants, protista, fungi, bacteria and archea
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What are all the things in a community?
Interdependent
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What is an ecosystem?
Community of organisms interacting with the non-living or abiotic elements
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What happens in stable communities?
Environmental factors are relatively constant
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What are abiotic factors affecting communities?
Light intensity, temp, moisture, soil ph + minerals, wind intensity + direction, oxygen levels, carbon dioxide levels
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What are biotic factors affecting communities?
Food levels, pathogen + parasites, predators, competition
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What are quadrats used for?
Investigate the size of a population of plants
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Why must your sample size be random?
Ensures that your results reflects true distribution of organisms
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What is a transect?
A line between two points
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What does a transect show?
How the distribution changes along the line
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What do animals compete for?
Food, territory and mates
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The animals that eat a wide range of plants are more likely to what?
Survive successfully
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What do carnivores compete for?
Prey
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What do prey compete for?
Not to be eaten
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What is a territory?
A place to build a nest or space needed for animals to find food and reproduce
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What do males do in competition for a mate?
Effort into impressing females
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What is a successful competitor?
An animal that is adapted to be better at finding food or a mate
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What do plants compete for?
Light, water, nutrients and space
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What happens if a plant sheds its seeds?
May land nearby, so parent plant in direct competition w own seedlings
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How do plants cope with competition?
Adapted to grow, flower and die before competition even started
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What is another way?
Adapted roots, some have shallow some have long deep roots
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How to make a successfully competitor?
Avoid competition and use wind to help get seeds away, some plants have explosive seed pods
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What are epiphytes adaptations?
Adaptations to live high above ground
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How are some plants adapted for reproduction?
Flowers open at night, strong perfume, lots of nectar
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What teeth to herbivores have?
Not strong teeth that are good for grinding up plants
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What teeth do carnivores have?
Teeth adapted for tearing flesh and bone
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What do some birds do to get rid of extra salt they get from sea?
Cry salty tears
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What do plants and animals that survive extreme temps do?
Chemical in cells cause antifreeze,stop cells freezing
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Plants such as water lillies have what adaptation?
Big air spaces in leaves so float in water
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What adaptation do extremophiles have?
Their enzymes don't denature
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What adaptations do extremophiles have that live in salty places?
Their cytoplasm doesnt allow water to move by osmosis
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What are not all extremophiles?
Microorganisms
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What are the adaptations of animals in cold climates?
Large so they have small surface area:volume ratio
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What is camouflage?
Structural adaptation so prey doesn't see predator and vice versa
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What adaptation do Arctic foxes have?
Grey/brown coat in summer and white in winter
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What are the biggest challenges if you live in a desert?
Coping w lack of water and stop body temp from getting to high or low
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What do desert animals have adaptation wise?
Functional adaptations in kidneys produce concentrated urine, active in early morning and evening, hide away when hot, large surface area to volume ratio, large, thin ears
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What are the adaptations of desert plants?
Broad leaves, large surface area, collect due which goes towards shallow roots
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What do some plants in dry areas have?
Curled leaves to reduce surface area, traps layer of moisture from evaporation, small fleshy leaves, thick cuticle
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What roots do plants that live in dry conditions have?
Extensive root systems, spread over a wide area
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How do plants in dry conditions store water?
Store in tissues, fleshy leaves, stems or roots.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are all the things in a community?

Back

Interdependent

Card 3

Front

What is an ecosystem?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What happens in stable communities?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are abiotic factors affecting communities?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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