B1.5- Energy in biomass

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What is the source of all energy for all living organisms?
The sun (solar/light energy)
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How do plants and algae absorb light energy?
Through chlorophyll for photosynthesis
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Where is the energy produced by plants stored?
In the substances that make up the cells of the plants
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What is biomass?
The mass of material in living organisms
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How is biomass of plants passed on?
It is passed on when animals eat the plants.
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Does the amount of biomass increase or decrease as you go up the pyramid of biomass?
Decrease
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Describe the difference between a pyramid of numbers and a pyramid of biomass?
A pyramid of numbers shows the number of individuals at each level of the food chain whereas a pyramid of biomass shows the mass of all the individuals at each level of the food chain.
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Why is the amount of material and energy at each level of a food chain less than it was at the previous stage?
1. Not all organisms at one stage are eaten by the stage above 2. Some material and energy taken is passed out as waste by the organism 3. Energy is lost in respiration by the animal cells to release energy
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What happens to material herbivores cannot digest?
It is passed out of the body in faeces.
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why do carnivores absorb more of the energy at each stage than herbivores?
Meat is easier to digest than plants.
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What happens when an animal eats too much protein?
It gets passed out of the body as urea in urine.
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Why does movement use up energy?
The muscles which provide movement use energy and get hot.
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What do mammals use to keep their body temperatures constant?
Energy
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Do mammals expend energy to heat up or cool down?
Both
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How do animals get the nutrients they need from the soil?
Plants take them up from the soil and animals eat the plants.
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How do nutrients get recycled back into soil?
Decomposers break down waste and dead organisms and return it to the environment.
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What type of organisms are decomposers?
Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi
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What do they feed on?
Waste droppings and dead organisms
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Give some examples of detritus feeders.
Maggots, worms
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What role do detritus feeders have in decay?
They often start the process by eating dead animals and producing waste material which is then digested by microorganisms.
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What are the waste products of decomposers?
Carbon dioxide, water and nutrients
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What do we actually mean by decay?
Broken down and digested by microorganisms
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What effect does a warmer environment have on decay?
It speeds it up
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What conditions can stop decay?
Very cold or very hot conditions
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Why do moist conditions increase decay?
Microorganisms find it easier to dissolve their food if they are in a moist environment, it stops them drying out.
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What else do most decomposers require?
Plenty of oxygen
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How do decomposers help make water safe?
Decomposers break down the bodily waste we produce in dirty water so we can the release it back into seas and rivers.
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What can compost be used for?
Fertiliser
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What element are all of the main molecules of our bodies based on?
Carbon
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What is the carbon cycle?
Where the available carbon is cycled between living things and the environment
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How is carbon removed from the atmosphere?
By plants during photosynthesis
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What is carbon converted to during this process?
Carbohydrates, proteins and fats
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How is carbon returned to the atmosphere?
As a waste produce during respiration
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What organisms respire?
All living organisms
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How is carbon released from fossil fuels?
By burning it
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Write the word equation for combustion.
Fossil fuel or wood + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
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What is threatening the balance of the carbon cycle?
The increasing amounts of carbon dioxide produced as we burn fossil fuels
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How much waste do we put into landfill sites each year?
100 million tonnes
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What is the problem with organic waste in landfill sites?
The conditions do not facilitate decaying and a smelly liquid is produced which can pollute rivers and streams, the microorganisms also produce methane gas which is a greenhouse gas.
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What benefit does introducing oxygen to your compost have?
The microorganisms generate energy that kills off weeds and speeds up the decay process.
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What is the temperature at which the rate of making compost will start to decrease?
70 degrees C
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How do plants and algae absorb light energy?

Back

Through chlorophyll for photosynthesis

Card 3

Front

Where is the energy produced by plants stored?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is biomass?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How is biomass of plants passed on?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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