B14 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyVariation and reproductionGCSEAQA Created by: sophielouise277Created on: 01-04-19 18:16 What is nurture? The sum of influencial environmental factors on an organism 1 of 36 How can you investigate variety? Put genetically identical plants in different envrionmental factors 2 of 36 What is natural selection? Organisms that gain an advantage and breed + survive 3 of 36 What is a mutation? A change in DNA code 4 of 36 When can mutations take places? Whenever cells divide 5 of 36 What does the theory of evolution by natrural selection state? That all species of living things have evolved from simple life forms that first developed years ago 6 of 36 What does evolution through natural selection do? Produce changes in inherited characteristics of a population 7 of 36 What is selective breeding? A process where humans breed plants and animals for desired characteristics 8 of 36 How does selective breeding work? Choose two members you want to breed, breed them and the ones with desired characteristic breed again, continues over generations 9 of 36 What are some characteristics for selective breeding? Disease resistance, more produce, domestic animals with gentle nature,large + brightly coloured flowers 10 of 36 What is a problem with selective breeding? Reduces the number of alleles in a pop, disease spread easy, 11 of 36 What is the problem with inbreeding? Little variation 12 of 36 What is genetic engineering? Modifying genetic information of an organism 13 of 36 What is the first step in genetic engineering? Enzymes used to isolate and cut out required gene from organism 14 of 36 What is the second step in genetic engineering? The gene inserted into a vector using enzymes (plasmid or virus) 15 of 36 What is the third step in genetic engineering? Vector used to insert gene into cells which may be bacteria, animal,fungi, plants 16 of 36 What is the fourth step in genetic engineering? Genes transferred to cells at an early stage of development, as it grows it develops new desired characteristics from other organism 17 of 36 What happens in plants? Genes inserted into meristem cells which are used to produce identical clones 18 of 36 What is an advantage of genetically modified crops? Produce a higher yield 19 of 36 Why do farmers like GM crops? Can spray herbicides w/o dam,aging crops 20 of 36 How have potatoes been modified? Make more starch, resistant to pests 21 of 36 How have soybeans been modified? Produce healthier balance of fatty acids 22 of 36 How have rice plants been modified? Withstand being completely covered in water for three weeks 23 of 36 What is a clone? Individual that has been produced asexually and is genetically identical to parent 24 of 36 What is tissue culture? Using small groups of cells taken from part of a plant to grow identical new plants 25 of 36 What is the first step in tissue culture? Use a mixture of plant hormones to make a small group of cells from plant u want to clone 26 of 36 What is second step in tissue culture? Use different set of hormones and conditions stimulate to grow plant 27 of 36 What is the first step in embryo cloning? Fertility hormones to cow so many egg produced, fertilise eggs w sperm 28 of 36 What is second step in embryo cloning Embryo split and put into surrogate mother 29 of 36 What is the first step in adult cell cloning? The nucleus is removed from unfertilised egg cell 30 of 36 What is the second step in adult cell cloning? Same time nucleus taken from an adult body cell 31 of 36 What is the third step in adult cell cloning? Nucleus from adult cell inserted into empty egg cell 32 of 36 What is the fourth step in adult cell cloning? New egg given electric shock, stimulates dividing to form embryo cells 33 of 36 What is the fifth step in adult cell cloning? When embryo developed into ball of cells inserted into womb 34 of 36 How could adult cell cloning be useful? Save animals from extinction 35 of 36 What are risks associated with cloning? It will lead to babies being cloned 36 of 36
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