B1.3

when new medical drugs are devised what has to be done

extensively tested and trialled before use

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how are they tested and why

in a series of stages to see if they are safe and effective

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what are new drugs tested for

toxicity, efficiacy and dose

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how are they tested in a laboratory and why

using cells, tissues and live animals as models to predict how the drug may behave in humans

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who are they tested on in clinical trials

healthy volunteers and patients

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what happens in a clinical trial

Very low doses of the drug are given at the start of the clinical trial. If the drug is found to be safe, further clinical trials are carried out to find the optimum dose for the drug

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what happens in double blind trials

some patients are given a placebo, which does not contain the drug. Neither the doctors nor the patients know who has received a placebo and who has received the drug until the trial is complete

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what are statins

prescribed drugs used to lower the risk of heart and circulatory diseases

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what is thalidomide

a drug that was developed as a sleeping pill. It was also found to be effective in relieving morning sickness in pregnant women

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what happened with thalidomide

hadn't been tested for use in pregnant women, many babies born to mothers who took the drug were born with severe limb abnormalities. The drug was then banned.

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what has happened as a result

drug testing has become more rigorous

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what has thalidomide recently been used for

treatment of leprosy and other diseases

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which legal recreational drugs have been misused

alcohol and nictotine

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what's the effect of misusing illegal recreational drugs and 3 examples

ecstasy, cannabis and heroin may have adverse effects on the heart and circulatory system

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what's the effect of cannabis on the body

Cannabis smoke contains chemicals which may cause mental illness in some people

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what's the overall impact of legal drugs on health

much greater than the impact of illegal drugs because far more people use them

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what do drugs do and what might this result in

change the chemical processes in peoples’ bodies so that they may become dependent or addicted to the drug and suffer withdrawal symptoms without them

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which two drugs are very addictive

heroine and cocaine

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what can an athlete do to enhance performance

take several types of drug

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are they legal

Some of these drugs are banned by law and some are legally available on prescription, but all are prohibited by sporting regulations

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2 examples and what they do

stimulants that boost bodily functions such as heart rate/ anabolic steroids which stimulate muscle growth

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2 positives and negatives of drugs to enhance performance

+ athletes entitled to own decision about the risk, drug-free sport isnt fair due to different facilities, coaches etc./ - unfair if people gain an advantage by taking drugs and may not be informed of health risks of drugs (ethical implications)

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