B1.1 - Keeping Healthy
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- Created by: ezwest
- Created on: 21-11-16 16:05
What happens to your body if you take in too much energy or too few vitamins?
You can become malnourished. Too much energy-gain weight; too few vitamins-develop deficiency disease
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Why do people become obese?
They have taken in more energy than they have used
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Why do starving people find it difficult to walk about?
They have too little energy/may have a disease.
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How can people change their lifestyle to help lower their blood cholesterol levels?
They can increase exercise/reduce saturated fat intake.
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How do pathogens make you feel ill?
They produce toxins/damage cells.
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Why did it take a long time for others to accept the ideas of Semmelweis?
No-one knew about bacteria and viruses.
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How are many pathogens prevented from entering the body?
The skin stops them (also mucus and stomach acid).
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How do white blood cells defend the body?
They ingest pathogens/produce antibodies/produce antitoxins.
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Why are antibiotics only able to kill bacteria?
Viruses are inside the body cells.
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Why do industrial laboratories use 35 degrees instead of 25 degrees as in schools?
The bacteria will grow at a faster rate.
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How do you make sure that unwanted microorganisms do not contaminate a pure culture of bacteria?
Heat all equipment, boil all solutions and cover Petri dishes or flasks.
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Why do some pathogens spread rapidly?
Very few people are immune to the new pathogen.
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How does natural selection cause resistant populations of bacteria to develop?
The antibiotics kill the non-resistant strains which allow the resistant ones to survive and to multiply (no competition).
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What is meant by vaccination?
Injection (or oral drops) of a dead or inactive pathogen to stimulate the white blood cells to produce antibodies.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of vaccination?
Advantages - protects the individual and society from serious diseases which may cause death. Disadvantages - may cause side effects in a few people.
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Why is it necessary to develop new medicines?
Some pathogens are resistant to drugs. New pathogens arise by mutation.
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What do we mean by a 'balanced diet'?
A balanced diet contains the correct amounts of all the nutrients needed for healthy functioning of the body.
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Give 3 reasons why a person may be malnourished
They may take in too much energy; they may have too little food; particular nutrients may be missing from their diet.
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Give 3 factors that affect how much energy a person needs
Three from: Size of the person, sex of the person, the amount of exercise they do, the outside temperature, pregnancy, breast feeding.
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What is meant by 'metabolic rate' and what factors affect the rate?
Metabolic rate is a measure of how quickly chemical reactions in cells release energy from food. Exercise/proportion of fat to muscle/inherited factors affect the rate.
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What is a pathogen?
A pathogen is an organism that causes disease.
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What is an antibiotic?
An antibiotic is a drug that causes bacteria.
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Why is it difficult to produce medicines to destroy viruses?
Viruses reproduce inside body cells. The drugs would also damage the cells or tissues.
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How are the ideas of Semmelweis used in modern hospitals?
Everyone in a hospital should wash their hands or use hand gels to prevent transfer of pathogens.
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What is meant by aa 'mutation' of a pathogen?
A mutation is a change in a gene.
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How is a pandemic different from an epidemic?
A pandemic occurs when a disease spreads between different countries, an epidemic occurs within one country.
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Why don't doctors give antibiotics for mild throat infections?
Mild throat infections can get better without antibiotics. Overuse of antibiotics results in the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
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Explain how bacteria develop antibiotic resistance
Some bacteria mutate and become resistant to antibiotic. Antibiotics kill non-resistant strains. Resistant strains multiply. Each time antibiotics are used more of resistant strains survive until whole population of bacteria resistant to antibiotic.
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How does a person develop immunity following vaccinations?
White blood cells respond to the vaccine by producing antibodies. If the body is infected with the pathogen, the white blood cells respond quickly by producing more antibodies.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Why do people become obese?
Back
They have taken in more energy than they have used
Card 3
Front
Why do starving people find it difficult to walk about?
Back
Card 4
Front
How can people change their lifestyle to help lower their blood cholesterol levels?
Back
Card 5
Front
How do pathogens make you feel ill?
Back
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