they control how an organism will develop they also tell the cell how to make essential proteins
1 of 24
name a functional protein
enzymes
2 of 24
name a structural protein
collagen
3 of 24
name the 3 things that determine human charecteristics and give an example of each
genes - dimples environment - scars combination of both - body weight
4 of 24
what does a genotype determine?
what someones genes will be
5 of 24
what does a phenotype determine?
what features someone will have
6 of 24
give examples of a genetic diagram
a punnett square and a family tree/pedigree
7 of 24
explain the difference between homozygous and heterozygous
homozygous - 2 of the same alleles eg. bb heterozygous - 2 different allelles eg. Bb
8 of 24
what are the sex chromosomes of a male and a female?
male - XY female - **
9 of 24
which parent determines the gender of any offspring?
the father does, the mother will always pass on an X chromosome
10 of 24
where are genes found?
found in the nucleas of cell sections of DNA molecules that make up chromosomes
11 of 24
what do punnett squares and family trees show?
the risks of having a genetic disorder or being a carrier
12 of 24
how many faulty genes must someone have to be a carrier?
they would have to have 1 recesssive gene
13 of 24
how many faulty genes must someone have to have a disorder?
1 or 2 dominant genes or 2 recessive genes
14 of 24
what does IVF stand for?
invitro fertilisation
15 of 24
what does PGD stand for?
pre-implantation genetic diagnosis
16 of 24
list the implications of pre-natal genetic tests
*risk of miscarriage *not 100% reliable *moral decisions
17 of 24
what is the difference between genetic testing and genetic screening?
genetic testing is when you know theere is a family history of a certain condition whereas genetic screening is of a much larger scale where there isn't a family history of a condition
18 of 24
state the difference between adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells
embryonic stem cells are unsepcialised so can be used for anything and have great potential in disease treatment whereas adult stem cells are specialised so can only be used for certain things
19 of 24
how is an artificial clone produced?
nucleas removed from a body cell and is implanted to an unfertilised egg, where the egg is manipulated to believe that the nucleas is sperm
20 of 24
give an example of an artificial clone
dolly the sheep
21 of 24
how can a natural clone occur?
from either asexual reproduction or when a fertilised egg splits (otherwise known as identical twins)
22 of 24
give an example of a dominant genetic disorder and a recessive genetic disorder
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