b1 key terms glossary 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyAll topicsGCSEOCR Created by: LavleenGillCreated on: 14-04-17 21:49 Arteries Blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart. 1 of 39 Cholesterol A fatty substance which can block blood vessels 2 of 39 Nicotine Addictive chemical found in cigarettes 3 of 39 Haemoglobin A chemical found in red blood cells which carries oxygen 4 of 39 Amino acids These building blocks join up to make proteins 5 of 39 Protein An important part of our diet needed for growth and repair 6 of 39 Kwashiorkor An illness caused by the lack of protein in the diet, causes swollen bellies due to fluid retention. 7 of 39 EAR Estimated average daily requirement for protein 8 of 39 Pathogen Harmful organism which invades the body and causes disease 9 of 39 Vector An animal that carries a pathogen without suffering from it e.g a mosquito and malaria 10 of 39 Parasite Organism which lives on (or inside) the body of another organism 11 of 39 Host Organism on which a parasite lives and feeds from 12 of 39 Antibodies Protein produced in response to an antigen, which it destroys, producing an immune response. 13 of 39 Monocular vision Part of vision seen by only one eye 14 of 39 Binocular vision Part of vision seen by both eyes 15 of 39 Retina Has special light receptors which react to light, the retina then sends an image down the optic nerve to the brain 16 of 39 Reflex A muscular action that we take without thinking about it 17 of 39 Central Nervous System The brain and spinal cord 18 of 39 Sensory neurones Nerve cell carrying information from receptors to CNS 19 of 39 Motor neurones Nerve cell carrying information from CNS to muscles 20 of 39 Axon Part of the neurone that carries the nerve impulses 21 of 39 Depressant A drug that slows down the working of the brain 22 of 39 Hallucinogen A drug, like LSD, that gives the users hallucinations 23 of 39 Homeostatis Keeping a constant internal environment 24 of 39 Vasoconstriction When the body is too cold and small blood vessels constrict to reduce heat loss 25 of 39 Vasodilation When the body is too hot and small blood vessels dilate to reduce heat loss 26 of 39 Hormone Chemicals that act on target cells in the body 27 of 39 Blood sugar levels Amount of glucose in the blood 28 of 39 Insulin A hormone which helps to control the level of glucose in the blood 29 of 39 Diabetes When the body does not produce enough insulin 30 of 39 Plant hormones Hormones that control various plant processes 31 of 39 Phototropism When a plant responds to light 32 of 39 Geotropism When a plant responds to gravity 33 of 39 Auxins A type of plant hormone 34 of 39 Genes Section of DNA that codes for particular characteristics 35 of 39 Heterozygous When you have two different alleles of a gene (Aa) 36 of 39 Homozygous When you have two identical alleles of a gene (AA) (aa) 37 of 39 Genotype The genetic make up of an organism 38 of 39 Phenotype The expressed characteristics 39 of 39
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