Light microscopes are cheaper than electron microscopes
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What is a disadvantage of light microscopes?
Light microscopes can’t magnify as far as electron microscopes
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What is an advantage of electron microscopes?
Electron microscopes magnify further (up to x2000000)
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What is a disadvantage of electron microscopes?
Electron microscopes are more expensive
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What is the equation for magnification?
Magnification = size of image/size of real object
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How many micro metres are in a millimetre?
There are 1000 micro metres in 1 mm
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What is the function of the cell membrane?
It controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell
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What is the function of the cytoplasm?
It is where most of the chemical reactions needed for life take place
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What is the function of the nucleus?
It controls all the activities of the cell and contains genetic materials that carry out instructions for making new cell
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What is the function of the ribosomes?
They all where protein synthesis takes place
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What is the function of mitochondria?
They are where aerobic respiration takes place giving the cell energy
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What is the function of the cell wall and what is it made of?
It is made from cellulose and it strengthens and supports the cell
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What is the function of chloroplasts and what do they contain?
They contain chlorophyll and is where photosynthesis takes place
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What is the vacuole?
A space in the cytoplasm filled with sap- it supports the structure of the cell
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What are some features that prokaryotic cells don’t contain?
Mitochondrion, chloroplasts, nuclei
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Where is genetic material found in prokaryotic cells?
Plasmids (rings of DNA) or free in the cytoplasm
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What type of cell division do prokaryotic cells use?
Binary fission
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Where are eukaryotic cells found?
In animals, plants and fungi
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Give three adaptations of sperm cells
Long tails and streamlined heads, lots of mitochondria, enzymes (to digest through the egg membrane)
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Give to adaptations of nerve cells
Branched connections to form a network, a long structure to cover more distance
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Give three adaptations of root hair cells
Large surface area to absorb water, a large vacuole to help osmosis, lots of mitochondria to provide energy for active transport
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Give an adaptation of xylem cells
Lignin makes the cells strong, waterproof and supported
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Give an adaptation of phloem cells
Sieve plates mean dissolved foods can flow easily, companion cells
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What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of higher to lower concentration
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The bigger the concentration gradient....
The faster the diffusion rate
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A higher temperature will give a higher rate of diffusion because....
Particles will have more energy
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The larger the surface area of the membrane the faster the diffusion rate as....
More particles can pass through at once
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What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to region of low water concentration
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What is active transport?
When substances need to be absorbed against a concentration gradient and it requires energy from respiration
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When is active transport used in plants?
Root hair cells absorb minerals against concentration gradients
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When is active transport used in humans?
When nutrients in the gut move to the bloodstream
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is a disadvantage of light microscopes?
Back
Light microscopes can’t magnify as far as electron microscopes
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