B1

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People should eat a balanced diet to stay healthy. What makes a balanced diet?
A balanced diet contains different kinds of nutrients: carbohydrates-fats and protein for energy.
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What happens if your diet is not balanced?
When your diet is not balanced it may cause a person to become malnourished and suffer deficiency diseases
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What can be done to lose body mass?
To lose body mass, people may go on a slimming diet where they eat less. Exercising also helps as they both lead to more energy being used up than taken in where it forces the body to raid its fat stores.
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What is metabolic rate?
Metabolic rate is the rate of chemical reactions that take place in your cells.
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What causes a metabolic rate to rise?
The greater proportion of muscle to fat in the body the higher the metabolic rate is. The rate also increases during exercise.
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What else can affect your metabolic rate?
Your metabolic rate can also depend on the genes inherited from your parents.
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What happens when there is too much cholesterol in the blood?
Having a high cholesterol level can increase the risk of developing plaque in the cell walls of arteries. This build up can cause a blood clot and if it gets too big and a piece breaks up it can lead to a heart attack.
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What increases cholesterol levels?
Things such as saturated fats that are found in animal products cause your cholesterol level to rise
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What decreases cholesterol levels?
Things such as unsaturated fats which are found in plants are a way of lowering blood cholesterol level.
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What is 'LDL'?
LDL stands for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which is 'bad' and can cause heart disease.
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What is 'HDL'?
HDL stand for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which is 'good' as it can protect against heart disease by helping to remove cholesterol from the walls of blood vessels.
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What is a pathogen?
A pathogen is a micro-organism that causes disease or viruses.
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What is a virus?
A virus is a pathogen that reproduces in side a body cell the destroy it when they burst out. The virus then invade other cells.
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How does bacteria make us feel ill?
Bacteria can reproduce inside the body and may produce toxins also knows as poisons that make us feel ill.
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What is an epidemic and pandemic?
An epidemic is when a widespread of people have a disease. However a pandemic is when the disease affects a whole country or goes worldwide.
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Who is Semmelweis and what did he do?
In the 1840's, a doctor called Semmelweis used evidence from the death rates of women to work that women were dying because doctors were transferring something to them from dead bodies. He made all the doctors wash their hands on chlorine water.
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Explain what a phagocyte does?
A phagocyte is a type of w.b.c that surrounds a bacterium and ingests them.
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Explain what a lymphocyte does?
A Lymphocyte produce chemicals called antibodies. The antibodies group round and stick to the pathogen. This may kill it directly or call over phagocytes to ingest and destroy them more easily.
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Describe an antibody
a molecule that is shaped like a Y. The bits on the end of the y arms can come in millions of different shapes. Each lymphocyte can make just one kind. This shape fits on to a pathogen. Each shape only fits onto one kind of pathogens.
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What is an anitbiotic?
Antibiotics are drugs that kill bacteria inside your body without harming or killing your own cells.
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Give two examples of an antibiotic
Penicillin and streptomycin
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Does antibiotic resistance happen on purpose?
Bacteria does not become resistant on purpose and instead happens by natural selection.
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What needs to be done to decrease the chances of new strains from forming?
To reduce new strains from forming we need to reduce the use of antibiotics.
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What happens when antibiotics are used?
When antibiotics are used, it gives an advantage to any mutant bacterium that happens to be resistant to them.
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What is 'MRSA'?
MRSA is known sometimes as a superbug as it is resistant to most antibiotics
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What is 'MMR'?
Measles, Mumps and Rubella- a vaccination is given to children to make them immune to these diseases.
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What Is an vaccination?
A vaccination is a small amount of dead or inactive diseases that are injected into the blood.
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How does a vaccination work?
W.b.cs attack the inactive pathogens just as they would attack living pathogens. They remember how to make the antibody, so the child is now immune to the disease without having to suffer them first.
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What is a culture?
Micro-organisms growing on a nutrient medium.
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Why so you use a sterile technique?
To stop unwanted micro-organisms from entering the nutrient medium. All equipment including the medium must be streilised before use.
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Why should a dish containing agar be sealed?
To prevent micro-organisms from the air from contaminating the culture
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What happens if your diet is not balanced?

Back

When your diet is not balanced it may cause a person to become malnourished and suffer deficiency diseases

Card 3

Front

What can be done to lose body mass?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is metabolic rate?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What causes a metabolic rate to rise?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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