B1 - 1.5 Revision

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How can an infection be spread by droplet infection?
When you cough, sneeze or talk you expel tiny droplets full of pathogens from your breathing system. Other people breathe in the droplets, along with the pathogens they contain, so they pick up the infection.
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What are some examples of infections spread by droplet infection?
Flu, tuberculosis or the common cold.
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How can an infection be spread by direct contact?
Some diseases are spread by direct contact of the skin.
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What are some examples of infections spread by direct contact?
Impetigo and some sexually transmitted diseases, such as genital herpes.
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How can an infection be spread by contaminated food or drink?
Eating raw or uncooked food, or drinking water containing sewage can spread disease.
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What are some examples of infections spread by contaminated food and drink?
Diarrhoea and salmonellosis.
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How can an infection be spread by a break in your skin?
Pathogens can enter your skin through cuts, scratches and needle punctures.
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What are some examples of infections spread by a break in your skin?
HIV/Aids and hepatitis.
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How can the skin stop pathogens from getting inside your body?
Skin covers your body and acts like a barrier. It prevents bacteria and viruses from reaching the tissues beneath that can be infected.
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How can scabs stop pathogens from getting inside your body?
If you damage or cut your skin you bleed. Your blood quickly forms a clot which dries into a scab. The scab forms a seal over the cut, stopping pathogens from getting in through the wound.
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How does your respiratory system stop pathogens from getting inside your body?
Every time you breathe you draw air full of pathogens inside your body. Your breathing system produces a sticky liquid called mucus. This covers the lining of your lungs and tubes, trapping pathogens.
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What happens after the mucus traps pathogens?
The mucus is then moved out of your body or swallowed down into your gut. Then the acid in the stomach destroys the microorganisms. It also destroys most of the pathogens that you take in through your mouth.
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What is the body's second line of defence?
The white blood cells of your immune system.
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What is the first way white blood cells protect you against disease?
Some white blood cells ingest (take in) microorganisms, destroying them so they can't make you ill.
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What is the second way white blood cells protect you against disease?
Some produce special chemicals called antibodies. These target particular pathogens and destroy them
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How do antibodies protect your body from infection?
Once your white blood cells have produced antibodies once against a particular pathogen, they can be made very quickly if that pathogen gets into the body again.
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What is the third way white blood cells protect you against disease?
Some white blood cells produce antitoxins. These counteract (cancel out) the toxins (poisons) released by pathogens.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are some examples of infections spread by droplet infection?

Back

Flu, tuberculosis or the common cold.

Card 3

Front

How can an infection be spread by direct contact?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are some examples of infections spread by direct contact?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How can an infection be spread by contaminated food or drink?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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