Autism

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  • Created by: L.eve
  • Created on: 05-01-21 20:15
What is the historical context of autism?
Leokanner (1944) found that people with autism had low verbal abilities & good fine motor skills. However Hans Asperger (1943) found the opposite, They both found that they had extreme isolation, insistence on sameness, lack of eye contact.
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What problems/difficulties do autistic (ASD) people have?
Profound problems with the social world
(Dawson, Toth, Abbott et al, 2004).
They have difficulties in perceiving emotion, they don't pay attention to other people's faces, they don't show activation in fusiform gyrus, other regions in temporal lobes & am
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What is theory of mind?
Refers to a person's understanding that other people have desires, beliefs & intentions & emotions that may be different from one's own, ASD seem to not undergo this development
(Baron-Cohen et al, 1935 - Salley-Anne task).
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What is the strange stories task?
Anne's mother cooked a meal for her, Anne didn't say thank you, so mum say sarcastically "that's very nice isn't it, what I call polite", the ASD participant was asked why did Anne's mum say this?, they struggled to understand this.
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What are the critiques of theory mind?
Provides a good explanation for the social communication features of autism but doesn't explain sensory sensitivities/narrow interests. It's not universal or specific.
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What other deficits are linked to autism?
Communication - they have echolia where a child echoes what they have heard another person say, they sometimes refer to themselves as he/she/you (pronoun rehearsal).
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What repetitive & ritualistic acts do they do?
Become upset over changes in their daily routine, ritualistic hand movements/endless body rocking.
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Why is it difficult to distinguish between ASD and intellectual disability?
ASD children score below 70 on IQ tests,
they score low on subsets related to language
but good with visual-spatial tasks.
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Who introduced the triad of impairments?
1979, Lorna Wing
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What is the aetiology of autism?
It is genetic (64-91%), evidence from twin studies (Hallmayer et al 2011), family studies (Ozonoff et al 2011), autism is not caused by vaccines Honda et al 2005
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What are the neurobiological factors?
MRIs have shown that brains of adults & children with ASD are larger than those without ASD which may indicate that neurons aren't being pruned, cells fail to align & don't form connections.
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What is said in DSM-V (2013)?
It merged all previous labels into 'Autism Spectrum Disorder', merged social & communicative aspects.
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What is the prevalence of autism?
66/10,000 but not everyone is diagnosed, prevalence has increased because awareness has increased.
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How is autism diagnosed?
Recognition - referral - diagnosis
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How can some traits be beneficial?
Hyper-focussed interests can be beneficial to the individual & society eg Albert Einstein.
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What is the empathizing-systemizing theory?
Understood in terms of two psychological factors: empathizing - cognitive emotional response, social, unpredictable and systemizing - non-social, predictable.
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What is the treatment of autism?
Intensive therapy (being with developing peers), speech therapy, drug treatments - haloperidol (an antipsychotic drug used for schizophrenia, reduces withdrawal but has bad side effects). Increased levels of serotonin in ASD so fenfluramine used which sli
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Card 2

Front

What problems/difficulties do autistic (ASD) people have?

Back

Profound problems with the social world
(Dawson, Toth, Abbott et al, 2004).
They have difficulties in perceiving emotion, they don't pay attention to other people's faces, they don't show activation in fusiform gyrus, other regions in temporal lobes & am

Card 3

Front

What is theory of mind?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the strange stories task?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the critiques of theory mind?

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