Attention: What different Psychologists do?

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Posner
Covert attention, cue task
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Broadbent
2 simultaneous questions, answer for 1 but ignore 2, call sign 'Baron', different speakers, 50% answered questions correctly
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Cherry's first condition
Two messages by same speaker played into both ears
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What is shadowing?
ignore 1 message and repeat the other
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What is condition 2?
Dichotonic listening and shadowing
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What was not noticed in the irrelevent messages?
no words or semantic content repeated, change in language not noticed
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What was recognised in the irrelevant messages?
reversed speech and change from female to male or pure tone
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Broadbent's filter theory?
Senses --> Short term memory --> selective filter --> limited capacity channel
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What is the processing method of the short term memory?
parallel processing for stimuli characteristics
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What is the processing method for the limited capacity system?
serial processing for the analysis of word meaning
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What did Broadbent suggest about irrelevant information?
It doesnt pass the filter, selection occurs before stimuli are identified
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Moray
Own name effect, shadowing --> 1/3 notice own name in irrelevant channel, irrelevant information was analysed
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Treisman
Briefly switch ears when messages switch, 15 switched, irrelevant information was analysed
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Corteen and Dunn
Conditioning with electric shocks, skin conductance performances
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Triesman's attenuation theory
Filter not completely selective
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Deutsch and Deutsch
Late selection theory, meaning analysed before filter, automatic and unlimited capacity
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Lachter et al
no identification without attention, no control for slippage
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What did Lachter et al say about Conway et al's experiment?
Own name effect: depends on working memory capacity, LWM noticed name more frequently, difficulties focusing attention, maybe attention slips into irrelevant channel
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Dawson and Schell
skin conductance changes in subjects wh sometimes attended irrelevant channel, slippage
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What was the Lachter et al's experiment?
Repetition priming irrelevant stimuli speed up responses to target, Target: word, pseudoword, different locations, fastest if word is identical and in same location
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What was found?
No identification without attention in pictures
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Kouider
Animals left hand, man made response right hand, EEG show a planeed response when asleep
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Lavie's theory
Spillover, perceptual capacity limited, automatic, hybrid theory, no identification without attention
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When are irrelevant stimuli analysed?
identified if processing of relevant stimuli doesn't exhaust available sources
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What is low perceptual load?
target immediately visable, attentional resources spillover to flanking letter, doesnt take all resources
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What is high perceptual load?
Target hidden among neutral distractors, central circle consumes all attentional resources, no spillover
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what is low perceptual load?
processing of irrelevent channel unavoidable, slippage is unavoidable
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anterior/rostral?
Frontal
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Inferior/ventral?
Bottom
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Pasterior/caudal?
back
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Dorsal?
Top
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Dorsal attention network
top down, goal orientated, left + right hemisphere
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Ventral attention network
Bottom up, stimulus - driven, right hemisphere
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What is spatial neglect?
Damage to the ventral network
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What is extinction?
Both fingers move, cant see the left finger but can see it when it moves on its own, unaware of deficit, condition improves
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Left dorsal network
right shift of attention
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Right dorsal network?
left shift of attention
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What happens if ventral system lesioned?
left dorsal network becomes too strong, inhibits right dorsal network
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Excursion?
Some neurons appear to code for concepts
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What does Dorsal network tell?
visual brain network what and where to attend to
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What is contrast response?
neuron responds more stimuli with high contrast
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What is response gain?
Receptive field attended: neurons increase response to stimuli it responds to anyway
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contrast gain?
receptive field location attended: neuron become more sensitive at lower stimulus intensifies
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What is change blindness?
changes occur slowly
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Resink?
Failure to perceive things easily seen once noticed, both due to lack of attention
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Broadbent

Back

2 simultaneous questions, answer for 1 but ignore 2, call sign 'Baron', different speakers, 50% answered questions correctly

Card 3

Front

Cherry's first condition

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is shadowing?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is condition 2?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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