An emotional bond between 2 people that develops over time.
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Reciprocity
How 2 people act. (Mother-infant interaction is reciprocal in that both infant and mother respond to each others actions)
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Interactional synchrony
Mother and infant reflect both the actions and emotions of each other in a synchronized way.
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Multiple attachments
Attachments to 2 or more people.
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Separation anxiety
When an individual experiences excessive anxiety regarding separation from people who they have a strong emotional attachment to.
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Imprinting
An innate readiness to acquire certain behaviors during a critical period of development.
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Maternal deprivation
The separation or loss of the mother as well as failure to develop an attachment.
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Classical conditioning
Learning by association. Occurs when 2 stimuli are repeatedly paired togther with the neutral response eventually producing the same response as the UCS.
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Operant conditioning
A form of learning in which behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences.
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Reinforced
A consequence of behaviour that increases the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated.
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Drive reduction
An animal is motivated to act in order to satisfy biological needs; once satisfied, the result is drive reduction.
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Monotropic
A term sometimes used to describe bowlbys theory. This is that one particular attatchment is different from all others and is very important to the child's development.
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Internal working model
The mental representations we all carry with us of our attachment to our primary caregiver
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Critical period
The time within which an attachment must form if its going to form at all
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Strange Situation
A controlled observation designed to test attachment security. Infants are assessed in an unfamiliar room.
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Secure attachment
The most desirable attachment. It shows moderate stranger and separation anxiety.
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Insecure-avoidant attachment
Characterised by low stranger and separation anxiety and little response to reunion
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Insecure-resistant attatchment
Characterised by high levels of stranger and separation anxiety and resists comfort at reunion
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Proximity seeking
an infant with a good attachment will stay fairly close to the caregiver
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Stranger Anxiety
Display of anxiety when a stranger approaches
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Separation Anxiety
Protest at separation from the caregiver
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Cultural variation
Differences in norms and values that exist between people in different groups
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Culture
The norms and values that exist within any group of people
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Maternal deprivation
The emotional and intellectual consequences of separation between a child and his / her mother
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Affectionless psychopathy
The inability to experience guilt or strong emotion for others- characterised by lack of remorse
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Institutionalisation
The effects of living in an institutional setting such as an orphanage or hospital for long periods of time
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Orphan studies
These concern children placed in care due to their parents not being able to look after them
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Disinhibited attachment
Characterised by symptoms of attention seeking and clinginess. Occurs as a result of Institutionalisation and are adopter after they are 6 months old.
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Internal working model
The mental representation we all carry with us of our attachment to our primary care giver
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How 2 people act. (Mother-infant interaction is reciprocal in that both infant and mother respond to each others actions)
Back
Reciprocity
Card 3
Front
Mother and infant reflect both the actions and emotions of each other in a synchronized way.
Back
Card 4
Front
Attachments to 2 or more people.
Back
Card 5
Front
When an individual experiences excessive anxiety regarding separation from people who they have a strong emotional attachment to.
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