why did bowl by believe attachment was necessary for normal development?
provided a healthy internal working model(template to show what future relationships should be like)
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what are the reasons for experiencing maternal deprivation
- illness from either the child or caregiver or parent goes back to work when the child is of young age
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what is maternal deprivation ?
frequent temporary separation from the mother, disrupting the relationship
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what can MD result in ?
serious and permanent damage to a Childs emotional, social and intellectual development
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what effects can MD cause?
Low IQ,delinquency,inability to form attachments in the future,affectionless psychopathy
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what is affectionless psychopathy?
where a person can not exhibit caring behaviours, concerns or affection for other people. Dint have empathy for others, show no or little remorse or shame.
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when does MD only apply?
if its doing the critical period
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what is the critical period?
window of time when an infant must form an attachment (0-2.5years)
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what happens if attachment is not formed in critical period?
infant will have difficulty forming attachments later on with other negative consequences( E.g. increased aggression, delinquency,lower IQ, depression.
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what study was conducted In 1944 on maternal deprivation
44 thieves -effects of emotional development
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what was the aim of the 44 thieves study
aim: to investigate the long-term effects of maternal deprivations
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what was the procedure of the 44 thieves study?(part 1)
between 1936-1939 an opportunity samples of 88children was selected from the clinic where bowl by worked. 44 were juvinielle thieves and were referred for stealing. the other 44 were a control group(has emotional problems but not yet committed crime)
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what was the procedure of the 44 thieves study?(part2)
each child had their IQ tested by a psychologist who also tested emotional attitude towards the test.social worker interviewed parents about early life. bowl by interviewed child and parent
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what were the findings of the 44 thieves study?
14 of the 44 thieves showed affectionless psychopathy. 12/14(86%) of these experienced frequent periods of maternal separation before 5yrs.in remaining 30, 5 experienced separation.only 2 in control experienced long periods of separation.
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what was the cond=clusion to the 44 thieves study?
bowl by concluded that MD in the Childs life can cause permanent damage to emotional development.
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what is the name of a longitudinal study conducted on MD?
Goldfarb (1947)- effects on intellectual development
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what did the Goldfarb discover?
followed 20 orphans to the age of 12. of the original sample half had been fostered by four months of age and other half remained in orphanage. At 12 their IQ. was tested. found that the fostered group had a higher IQ at 96 compared to orphanage(68)
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advantage of MD - Supporting evidence
E: goldfarb found that orphans who didn't become fostered had a lower IQ at 68 than those who did(IQ-96). C: Increases validity as it shows MD does lead to negative consequences.
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Disadvantages of MD - methodological issues
E: extraneous variables may be responsible for poor development. the children were deprived of may things(eg. poor quality orphanages/trauma of WW11). validity is reduced as bowl by carried own interviews can't establish cause&effect
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Disadvantages od MD - contradictory findings
lewis(1954) partially replicated the 44 thieves study but on a larger scale(500 people). found that a history of prolonged separation from mother did not prevent criminality r difficulty forming close relationships. reduces validity of bowlbys theory
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what are the reasons for experiencing maternal deprivation
Back
- illness from either the child or caregiver or parent goes back to work when the child is of young age
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