Classical- mother assosiated with the pleasure liked to satisfying hunger and become conditioned stimuli Operant=food satisfises child. foor is the primary reinforcer mother secondary enforcer
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Learning theory evaluation
Harlows monkeys- comfort more than food contradicts learning theory
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Ainsworth strange situation
1) mum&Child 2)stranger enters 3)stranger plays with child 4)Mum leaves, stranger comforts 5)mum enters,stranger leaves 6)mum leaves, child on own 7)stranger enters 8)stranger leaves, mum enters
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Type A insecure avoidant
seperation anxiety- no distress stanger anxiety-ok with stranger reunion behaviour- little interest when mum returns other- equally comforted by stranger/mother
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Type B secure attachment
Seperation anxiety- distressed stranger anxiety-avoidant of stanger,friendly when mum present reunion behaviour- easily comforted other-mum safe base
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Type C insecure resistant
seperation anxiety- intense destress stanger anxiety-avoid/fears strager reunion-approach mum but resists contact other-cries more and explores less than B
attachment innate, Monotrapy, innate,survival,social releasers,reciprical,evolutionary, internal working model and dire consequences
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Dire consequences
44 theives and Genie and czech twins
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Love Quiz
Hazon&shaver, first attachment forms internal working model 620 14-82yr high correlation between attachment type and furture attachement.
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Genie
13.5 yrs
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Bowlby 44 theieves
case studies, 44 adolescence stole, compared to controlled group of 44 emotionally disturbed p's who didnt steal.14 theieves 12/14 seperated from mother= affectionaless psychopaths
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czech twins
formed attachment with each other
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schaffer and Emerson
attachment age,who and multiple? 60 glaswegian infants 18months,monthly intervals,18months 31% multiple attachments=2sensitive responsiveness2 attach tot hose who respond more accurately to child needs
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Macoby
seeking proximity, distress on seperation, joy on reunion & orientation
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Hodges and Tizard
effect of long term institutional care. 65 children brought up in childrens home in amerca untill age of 4. prevented from forming attachment as too upsetting when they were fostered. 24 adopted, 15 to birth parents and the rest institutions.
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Hodges & Tizard x2
Questionnaire and interviews, 39/65 left-attrition 4= noa ttachment 8+16= formed close attachments own home= poorer, difficulties a school.... contradicts Bowlby, privation can be reversed.
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Rutter et al
longitudinal, care after adoption make up for poor early experiences. 111 romanian orphans. adopted before 6 months, 6m-2yr and after 2yrs... more likely if adopted earlier
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Disruption of attachment Bowlby
during critial period damage attachment bond.irreversible socila,cognitive and emotinal consequences.
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PDD model
Robertson et al, short term effect, oberservation of children in hospital. parents not allowed to visit. time sampling video
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John
7months, 9days no relatives (nursery) 4/5 been there all their lives= demanding. John to start was loving and quiet, he was ignored by caregivers= destressed, ignored father on nightly visits ( emtionally detached)
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Jane
foster care 10 days,mum hospital dad daily visits- foster mumk met childs needs.. welcomed mum back but reluctant to give up foster mother.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
eg of learning theory
Back
Classical- mother assosiated with the pleasure liked to satisfying hunger and become conditioned stimuli Operant=food satisfises child. foor is the primary reinforcer mother secondary enforcer
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