A strong, emotional reciprocal bond formed between 2 people, e.g a mother and child
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4 behaviours of attachment
distress on separation, seeking proximity, joy on reunion, general orientation of behaviour towards each other
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Lorenz 1930's
Half of the goose eggs with mother, half incubated. Ensured he was the 1st large moving object seen by incubated eggs after hatching. Found they formed rapid attachment top him and followed him around
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Imprinting
Formation of rapid attachment, tendency to form attachment to first large moving object seen after birth
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Critical period
Window for development, it is the specific period when something has to develop
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Klaus & Kennell 1976
Control group: mothers had routine contact with babies after birth (straight after birth & for feeds). Experimental group: extra 1 hr skin-to-skin contact after birth & 5 hrs for next 3 days
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Klaus Kennell findings
After 18 mths, extended contact group showed more soothing behaviours (cuddling etc) when babies given routine medical exam. Maintained closer proximity to babies.
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Sensitive period
Time in which something is likely to occur, after birth may be important for bonding
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Klaus Kennell evaluation
Mothers= young, unmarried from disadvantaged North American inner city area- closer bonds may be from extra attention given in experiment rather than extra time effects. De Chateau et al found same effect with middle class swedish mothers
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Schaffer & Emerson 1964
60 Glasgow babies visited mthly 1st yr then visited at 18mths. Interviewed mums for repsonses to various situations( distress on separation). Observed babies for stranger fear.
Baby forms stronger attachment to person who responds most sensitively to their needs (e.g cuddle, smile etc) rather than person who does physical care e.g feed, wash
Data rich in detail (qualitative). Observed in own homes & rated wide variety of situations= high ecological validity.Gave valuable info on attachment forming process & reflected child-rearing practices of mid 1960s. Minimal psychological harm
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
distress on separation, seeking proximity, joy on reunion, general orientation of behaviour towards each other
Back
4 behaviours of attachment
Card 3
Front
Half of the goose eggs with mother, half incubated. Ensured he was the 1st large moving object seen by incubated eggs after hatching. Found they formed rapid attachment top him and followed him around
Back
Card 4
Front
Formation of rapid attachment, tendency to form attachment to first large moving object seen after birth
Back
Card 5
Front
Window for development, it is the specific period when something has to develop
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