attachment - schaffer's stages of attachment

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  • Created by: boogluvr
  • Created on: 19-06-21 16:37
what did Schaffer and Emerson study?
attachment behaviours of babies
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what the study consist of?
studied 60 babies at monthly intervals for the first 18 months of life
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where were the children studied
in their own home
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what measures did the mother record in the diary?
• stranger anxiety

• Separation Anxiety

• Social Referencing
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what is stranger anxiety?
response to arrival of a stranger
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what is separation anxiety?
distress level when separated from carer and degree of comfort needed on return
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what is social referencing?
degree that child looks at carer to check how they should respond to something new (secure base)
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how long is the asocial stage?
0-6 weeks
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what is the characteristics of the asocial stage?
many kinds of stimuli (social and non-social) produce a favourable reaction, such as a smile.
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when is the indiscriminate attachment?
6 weeks - 7 months
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what are the characteristics of the indiscriminate attachment stage?
- enjoy human company and most babies respond equally to any caregiver
- They get upset when an individual ceases to interact with them.
- 3 months+ infants smile more at familiar faces and can be easily comforted by a regular caregiver
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when was the specific attachment stage?
7-9 months
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what are the characteristics of the specific attachment
- Special preference for a single attachment figure.
-The baby looks to particular people for security, comfort and protection.
- It shows fear of strangers (stranger fear) and unhappiness when separated from a special person (separation anxiety).
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when was the multiple attachment stage?
10 months and onwards
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what are the characteristics of multiple attachments?
- The baby becomes increasingly independent and forms several attachments
- By 18 months the majority of infants have multiple attachments
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what was one indication from this study?
that attachments were most likely to form with those who responded accurately to the baby's signals, not the person they spent more time with
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why is this?
- Intensely attached infants had mothers who responded quickly to their demands and, interacted with their child.
- Infants who were weakly attached had mothers who failed to interact.
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what is a strength for scahffer and ermerson's study?
external validity
most observations were made by parents during ordinary activities rather than researchers meaning the babies were most likely behaving naturally while being observed
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what is a limitation of schaffer and emerson's study?
low population validity
- The infants in the study all came from Glasgow and were mostly from working class families.
-In addition, the small sample size of 60 families reduces the strength of the conclusion we can draw from the study as the results may
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why was the parents observing behaviour a possible limitation?
- demand characteristics and social desirability
- parents are not likely to report negative experiences in their daily write up.
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Card 2

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what the study consist of?

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studied 60 babies at monthly intervals for the first 18 months of life

Card 3

Front

where were the children studied

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what measures did the mother record in the diary?

Back

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Card 5

Front

what is stranger anxiety?

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Preview of the front of card 5
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