An emotional bond between two people. It is a two way process that endures over time. It leads to certain behaviours such as clinging and proximity-seeking, and serves the function of protecting an infant.
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Caregiver
Any person who is providing care for a child, such as a parent, grandparent, sibling etc.
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Interactional Synchrony
When two people interact they tend to mirror what the other is doing in terms of their facial and body movements. This includes imitating emotions as well as behaviours- described as synchrony.
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Reciprocity
responding to the action of another with a similar action, where the actions of one partner elicit a response from the other partner. The responses are not necessarily similar
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Multiple attachment
having more than one attachment figure
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Primary attachment figure
The person who forms the closest bond with a child, demonstrated by the intensity of the relationship. Usually the child's biological mother but other people can fulfil that role.
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Separation anxiety
Distress shown by an infant when separated from his/her caregiver.
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Stranger anxiety
Distress shown by an infant when approached or picked up by someone who is unfamiliar
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Imprinting
An innate readiness to develop a strong bond with the mother which takes place during a specific time in development, probably the first few hours after birth/ hatching. If it doesn't happen at this time it probably never will.
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Classical conditioning
Learning through association
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Learning theory
Explains the behaviour in terms of learning rather than inborn tendencies or higher order thinking
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Operant conditioning
learning through reinforcement
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Social learning theory
learning through observing from others and imitating behaviours that are rewarded
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Continuity hypothesis
the idea that emotionally secure infants go on to be emotionally secure, trusting and socially confident adults.
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Critical period
biologically determined period of time, during which certain characteristics can develop
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Internal working model
a mental model of the world which enables individuals to predict and control their environment. In this case of attachment the model relates to a person's expectations about relationships
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Monotropy
The idea that the one relationship that the infant has with his/her primary attachment figure is of special significance in emotional development
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Social releasers
A social behaviour or characteristic that elicits care giving and leads to attachment
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Insecure Avoidant
Attachment which describes those children who tend to AVOID social interaction and intimacy with others
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Insecure Resistant
Attachment which describes those infants who both seek and REJECT intimacy and social interaction
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Secure attachment
STrong and contended attachment of an infant to his/her caregiver which develops as a result of sensitive responding by the caregiver to the infants needs. SEcurely attahced infants are comfortable with social interaction and intimacy.
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Strange situation
A controlled observation designed to to test attachment security
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Cultural variation
Ways in which different groups of people vary in terms of their social practices, and effects this has on development and behaviour.
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Deprivation
To be deprived is to lose something- loss of emotional care from primary caregiver
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Institutionalisation
How time spent in an institution can affect the development of a child- social, mental and physical underdevelopment. (effects may be irreversible)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Any person who is providing care for a child, such as a parent, grandparent, sibling etc.
Back
Caregiver
Card 3
Front
When two people interact they tend to mirror what the other is doing in terms of their facial and body movements. This includes imitating emotions as well as behaviours- described as synchrony.
Back
Card 4
Front
responding to the action of another with a similar action, where the actions of one partner elicit a response from the other partner. The responses are not necessarily similar
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