attachment ; cutural variations in attachment

?
STUDIES OF CULTURAL VARIATIONS
DGD
1 of 73
- KEY: VAN IJZENDOORN
GDFGF
2 of 73
conducted a study to look at the proportions of what across range of cojuntries?
children of each attachment type
3 of 73
also looked at differences in same countries to get idea of what?
variations within a culture
4 of 73
- procedures
dgd
5 of 73
how many locations did they do studies in?
32
6 of 73
how many countries?
8
7 of 73
how many of those 32 studies were in the usa?
15
8 of 73
overall the 32 studies yielded results for how many children?
1990
9 of 73
what then hapened to the data for these 32 studies?
meta-analysed
10 of 73
mneaing what?
results combined and weighted for sample size
11 of 73
- fidnings
dgdgd
12 of 73
in all countries which was the most common attachment type?
secure
13 of 73
what proportion of children secure in britain %?
75%
14 of 73
and china?
50%
15 of 73
suggesting?
wide variation between cultures
16 of 73
which was the least common type overall?
insecure resistant
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what % british children?
3%
18 of 73
but in israel?
30%
19 of 73
where were insecure-avoidant attachments observed most commonly?
germany
20 of 73
and least commonly?
japan
21 of 73
what % greater were variations of studies within same country than those betwee countries?
150%
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e.g in usa one study found only what % securely ttached?
46%
23 of 73
however, another had a sample size as large as?
90%
24 of 73
OTHER STUDIES OF CULTURAL VARIATIONS
DFGDG
25 of 73
- italian study
dfgdg
26 of 73
simonella et al conducted study in italy to see whether what
proportions of babies of different attachment types still matched previous stydies
27 of 73
how many babies did they assess?
76
28 of 73
of what age?
12 months
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what % were secure?
50
30 of 73
what % were insecure-avoidant?
36
31 of 73
why do the researchers suggest is the reason for these lower numbers of secure attachment?
bc mums have to work long hours and use professional childcare
32 of 73
- korean study
dfgdg
33 of 73
jin et al conducted study to compare what?
proportions of attachment types in korea to other studies
34 of 73
strange situation used to assess how may children?
87
35 of 73
what attachment type were most babies>
secure
36 of 73
however what was second most common?
insecure resistant
37 of 73
and how many babies were insecure avoidant?
only one
38 of 73
this distribution similar to distribution types ijzendoorn found in what country?
japan
39 of 73
CONCLUSION
FDFGD
40 of 73
what seems to be the norm in a wide range of cultures?
secure attachment
41 of 73
which supports bowlby's idea about attachment that?
it's innate and universal
42 of 73
however, research also clearly shows what?
cultural practices have influence
43 of 73
EVALUATION
FGDFG
44 of 73
:) large samples
sdfds
45 of 73
in van ijzendoorn meta-analysis how many babies?
2000
46 of 73
though simonella and jin's own samle sizes were small why did they have large comparison groups?
previous research
47 of 73
large samples increase what kind of validity?
internal
48 of 73
by reducing impact of what kind of results?
anomalous
49 of 73
caused by what two things?
bad methodology / v unusual pps
50 of 73
:( samples tend 2 b unrepresentative of culture
dfgdfg
51 of 73
meta-analysis claimed to study cultural variation when rlly emasuring what?
countries not cultures
52 of 73
what is the difference between country and culture?
many cultures live inside a country w/ diff child-rearing practices
53 of 73
analysis by van ijzendoorn and sagi found distributions of attachment type where in japan were similar to west?
tokyo
54 of 73
whereas more rural sample had overrepresentation of which type?
insecure-resistant
55 of 73
what does this mean for comparisons between coutnries?
may have little meaning
56 of 73
and what needs to be specified?
particular culture of the sample
57 of 73
:( assessment method is biased
dgdg
58 of 73
cross cult osych includes which two ideas?
etic and emic
59 of 73
what is etic?
cultural unversals
60 of 73
and emic?
cultural uniqueness
61 of 73
strange situation designed by researcher from?
us
62 of 73
based on theory by psychologist from?
britain
63 of 73
therefore trying to aply theory / technique from one culture to another is known as?
imposed etic
64 of 73
what did grossman + grossman find about behaviour pointing to insecure attaachment were seen as in germany?
signs of independence
65 of 73
and not?
insecuryt
66 of 73
EVALUATION EXTRA
SDGDFG
67 of 73
:) alternative explanations for cultural similarity
dbdfgd
68 of 73
what does bowlby suggest is the reason for cultural similarities in attachment?
it's innate
69 of 73
what did van ijzendoorn propose?
reflect effects of mass media across all countries
70 of 73
:( strange situation lacks validity
dfdgdfg
71 of 73
what did kagan et al suggest attachment type is more related to?
temperament
72 of 73
in which case strange situation isn't assessing attachment but rater?
anxiety
73 of 73

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- KEY: VAN IJZENDOORN

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GDFGF

Card 3

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conducted a study to look at the proportions of what across range of cojuntries?

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Card 4

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also looked at differences in same countries to get idea of what?

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Card 5

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- procedures

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