How 2 people interact. Mother-infant interaction is reciprocal because both infant and mother react to each other's signals which creates a reponse.
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What is interactional synchrony?
Mother and infant reflect the actions and emotions of the other - like mirroring.
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Who is a child's first attachment with?
The mother - secondary attachments form later on.
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Can a father be a primary-attachment figure?
Yes. Gender is not important but the level of responsiveness and interaction is.
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What did Schaffer and Emerson find?
25-32 weeks old about 50% of babies showed signs of seperation anxiety towards a certain adult e.g. the mother. By 40 weeks old 80% of babies had a specific attachment.
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What are the 4 stages of attachment?
Asocial stage, Indiscriminate attachment, Specific attachment, Multiple attachments.
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What did Lorenz study?
Imprinting using geese.
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What did Harlow study?
The importance of contact comfort, maternal deprivation and the critical period for development in monkeys.
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What is classical conditioning in terms of attachment?
Food is the unconditional stimulus and pleasure is the unconditioned response. The caregiver is the neutral stimulus and becomes the conditioned stimulus as it gives a feeling of pleasure in the child (conditioned response).
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What is operant conditioning in terms of attachment?
Crying is reinforced due to a response form the caregiver. The baby directs crying for comfort and the caregiver recieves negative reinforcement by stopping the crying - escaping from something unpleasant.
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What are the 2 principles in Bowlby's monotropic theory?
The law of continuity and the law of accumulated seperation.
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What are internal working models?
The mental representations we all carry with us of our attachment to our primary caregiver. Important in affecting our future relationships as they carry perceptions of what these will be like.
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What were the behaviours measured by Ainsworth?
Proximity seeking, exploration and secure-base behaviour, stranger anxiety, separation anxiety and response to reunion.
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What did Van IJzendoorn find?
Secure attachment was the most common in all countries. Insecure-resistant was the least common type. Insecure-avoidant was most common in Germany.
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What were the other studies into cultural variations?
Simonella et al. (2014) and Jin et al. (2012)
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What is maternal deprivation?
The context of lack of intimate, continous relationship with the mother causing consequences.
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What were the findings of Rutter's ERA study?
On first arrival to the UK most orphans were undernourished and 50% showed signs of mental retardation. Mean IQ for children adopteded before 6 months = 102, 6mths-2yrs = 86, 2yrs+ = 77
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What are childhood relationships?
Affiliations with other people in childhood, including friends and classmates and adults, like teachers.
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What are adult relationships?
The relationships the child goes on to have in later life. These include friendships, working relationships, romantic relationships and relationships with own children.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is interactional synchrony?
Back
Mother and infant reflect the actions and emotions of the other - like mirroring.
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