A lone pair is stronger than a bonded pair, because they are closer to the central atom and take up more space, than a bonded pair.
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What does a solid line represent?
A bond in the plane of paper.
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What does a solid wedge represent?
The bond coming out of the plane.
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What does a dotted wedge represent?
A bond that goes into the plane.
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How much does a lone pair reduce the bond angle by?
It is reduced by 2.5 degrees.
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What is the shape and bond angle of molecules with 2 electron pairs?
Name of shape: Linear Bond angle: 180
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What is the shape and bond angle of molecules with 3 electron pairs?
Name of shape: Trigonal Planar Bond angle: 120
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What is the shape and bond angle of molecules with 4 electron pairs?
Name of shape: Tetrahedral Bond angle: 109.5
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What is the shape and bond angle of molecules with 5 electron pairs?
Name of shape: Octahedral Bond angle: 90
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What is the bond angle and shape of a molecule with 2 lone pairs and 2 bonded pairs?
Name of shape: Non-linear Bond angle: 104.5
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What is the bond angle and shape of a molecule with 1 lone pairs and 3 bonded pairs?
Name of shape: Pyramidal Bond angle: 107
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Why does a lone pair decrease the bond angle?
Lone pairs repel more strongly than bonded pairs, therefore lone pairs repel bonded pairs closer together, by 2.5 degrees.
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What is the electron-pair repulsion theory?
The theory that electrons position themselves a far apart as possible around the central atom. It is used to predict the shapes of molecules and polyatomic ions.
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Hydrogen ion
H +
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Sodium ion
Na +
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Silver ion
Ag +
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Potassium ion
K +
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Lithium ion
Li +
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Ammonium ion
NH4 +
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Barium ion
Ba 2+
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Calcium ion
Ca 2+
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Copper(II) ion
Cu 2+
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Magnesium ion
Mg 2+
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Zinc ion
Zn 2+
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Lead ion
Pb 2+
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Iron(II) ion
Fe 2+
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Iron(III) ion
Fe 3+
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Aluminium ion
Al 3+
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Chloride ion
Cl -
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Bromide ion
Br -
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Fluoride ion
F -
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Iodide ion
I -
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Hydroxide ion
OH -
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Nitrate ion
NO3 -
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Oxide ion
O 2-
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Sulfide ion
S 2-
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Sulfate ion
SO4 2-
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Carbonate ion
CO3 2-
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Phosphate ion
PO4 3-
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Sulphite ion
SO3 2-
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Hydrogen Carbonate ion
HCO3 -
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What does a solid line represent?
Back
A bond in the plane of paper.
Card 3
Front
What does a solid wedge represent?
Back
Card 4
Front
What does a dotted wedge represent?
Back
Card 5
Front
How much does a lone pair reduce the bond angle by?
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