The smallest part of an element that can exist . It has no electric charge. They have a radius of about 0.1nm.
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What makes up an atom, what is the charge of each part?
Protons (Positive- +1), neutrons (Neutral- 0) and electrons (Neative- -1).
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What is the nucleus of an atom?
The central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons.
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In an atom, what is the capacity of each shell?
2, 8, 18, 32.... (worked out using 2(n^2)
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What is the difference between an ISOTOPE, and an ION?
Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons. An ion is an atom with different numbers of protons and electrons.
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Who made the 'Plum-Pudding Model'? What is it? Who made the current model?
It was discovered by J.J. Thompson in 1897. It shows a positively charged ball, with fots on top of it that represent electrons. Neil Bohr made the model we now recognise in 1913.
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The Peridic Table only contains elements. What is an element? How are they ordered?
A substance containing only one type of atom, it cannot be broken down into anything simpler. They are ordered by their relative atomic mass (Mr).
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How many groups are there in the Periodic Table? What can the numbers be used to identify?
THere are 8 groups (0-7), they indicate the amount of electrons in its outer shell. Group 0 means that there is a full outer shell.
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What are the differences between metals and non-metals?
(Page 10 table)
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What is a compound?
A substance made from different elements made from different elements chemically bonded together.
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When elements react with each other, what actually happens?
They bond so that they both have a full outer shell
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What is Group 0 of the Periodic Table known as?
The noble gases. They are all colourless.
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What is Group 1 of the Periodic Table know as?
The alkali metals. They are all soft, silvery grey metals and are very reactive, their reactivity increases as it goes down the group.
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Why does the reactivity of an element increase as it goes down Group 1?
Because the outer atom has a weaker bond with the nucleus the further away it is. This is known as the shielding effect.
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What is Group 7 of the Periodic Table known as?
The halogens. They are all toxic and diatomic. They are brittle, crumbly solids, and are have a pungent odour.
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What happens to the reactivity of an element increase as it goes down Group 7? Why?
It decreases. It only needs to gain one atom hence the gained atom is not as attracted to the nucleus the further down the group as it is further away. The harder it is to gain, the less reactive it is.
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What happens, excluding reactivity, as we go down Group 7?
The boiling and melting points increase, and the appearance of the element is darker.
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What is the name for the ungrouped section in the middle of the Periodic Table?
The transition metals.
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What are the typical properties of a transition metal?
Good heat/electricity conductors, lustrous, high melting/boiling point, high density, strong and hard and they react with non-metals to form coloured ionic compounds.
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What us the electron configuration of atoms always the same as?
The nearest noble gas.
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How do you define an ionic bond?
It is the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
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What is the name for positively and negatively charged ions?
Positive- Cations. Negative- Anions.
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Define a mixture
A mixture is two or more substances that are not chemically joined together.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What makes up an atom, what is the charge of each part?
Back
Protons (Positive- +1), neutrons (Neutral- 0) and electrons (Neative- -1).
Card 3
Front
What is the nucleus of an atom?
Back
Card 4
Front
In an atom, what is the capacity of each shell?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is the difference between an ISOTOPE, and an ION?
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