ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND THE PERIODIC TABLE

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WHAT IS AN ATOM?
THE SMALLEST PART OF AN ELEMENT
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HOW MANY ELEMENTS ARE THERE?
ABOUT 100
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HOW ARE COMPOUNDS FORMED?
BY CHEMICAL REACTIONS BETWEEN TWO OR MORE DIFFERENT ELEMENTS
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WHAT IS A COMPOUND?
A SUBSTANCE THAT CONTAINS TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS THAT ARE CHEMICALLY COMBINED IN FIXED PROPORTIONS
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WHAT ARE COMPOUNDS REPRESENTED BY?
CHEMICAL FORMULAE
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HOW ARE CHEMICAL REACTIONS REPRESENTED?
BY WORD AND SYMBOL EQUATIONS
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WHAT IS THE NAME OF THIS ELEMENT? Na.
SODIUM
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WHAT IS THE SYMBOL FOR CHLORINE?
Cl
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IN THE COMPOUND, MgSO , HOW MANY ATOMS ARE THERE? HOW MANY DIFFERENT ELEMENTS ARE THERE?
1) 6 2) 3
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WHAT IS THE NAME OF THIS COMPUND, AgNO ?
SILVER NITRATE
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BEFORE THE DISCOVERY OF THE ELECTRON, WHAT WERE ATOMS THOUGHT TO CONSIST OF?
SOLID SPHERES THAT COULD NOT BE DIVIDED
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WHAT IS THE PLUM PUDDING MODEL?
IT SUGGESTED THAT THE ATOM IS A BALL OF POSITIVE CHARGE WITH NEGATIVE ELECTRONS EMBEDDED IN IT
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WHY DID THE NUCLEAR MODEL OF THE ATOM REPLACE THE PLUM PUDDING MODEL?
EVIDENCE FROM ALPHA PARTICLE SCATTERING SUGGESTED THAT THE MASS OF THE ATOM WAS CONCENTRATED IN THE CENTRE (THE NUCLEUS) AND THAT THE NUCLEUS IS POSITIVELY CHARGED
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WHAT TWO PARTICLES MAKE UP THE NUCLEUS?
PROTON AND NEUTRON
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WHAT IS THE CHARGE ON A PROTON, ELECTRON AND NEUTRON?
+1, -1, 0
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WHAT IS THE OVERALL CHARGE ON AN ATOM?
0
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WHY IS THE CHARGE ON AN ATOM ZERO?
THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IS EQUAL TO THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS
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WHAT DOES THE ATOMIC NUMBER TELL US?
THE NUMBER OF PROTONS
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WHAT DOES THE MASS NUMBER TELL US?
THE SUM OF THE PROTONS AND NEUTRONS
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WHAT IS IMPORTANT ABOUT ELEMENTS IN THE SAME GROUP?
SAME NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN THE OUTER SHELL
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WHAT IS THE NAME FOR GROUP 0 ELEMENTS?
NOBLE GASES
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WHY ARE GROUP 0 ELEMENTS UNREACTIVE?
STABLE ARRANGEMENTOF ELECTRONS
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WHAT 3 WAYS DO ATOMS FORM COMPOUNDS?
GIVING, TAKING AND SHARING ELECTRONS
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WHAT BONDING IS FORMED BETWEEN A METAL AND A NON-METAL?
IONIC
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WHAT BONDING IS FORMED BETWEEN NON-METALS ONLY?
COVALT
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WHAT IS THE RADUS OF AN ATOM?
0.1nm (1 x 10 )
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WHAT IS IMPORTANT ABOUT THE MASS OF A CHEMICAL REACTION?
THE MASS STAYS THE SAME (MASS OF PRODUCTS = MASS OF REACTANTS)
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WHAT IS THE RADIUS OF THE NUCLEUS?
1 x 10 m
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WHERE IS ALL THE MASS OF THE ATOM FOUND?
IN THE NUCLEUS
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WHAT IS THE RELATIVE MASS OF A PROTONS, ELECTRONS AND NEUTRONS?
P = 1 , E = NELIGIBLE , N=1
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WHAT IS THE NUMBER OF PROTONS, ELECTRONS AND NEUTRONS IN A SODIUM ATOM?
P = 11 , E = 11 , N = 12
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WHAT IS THE RELATIVE ATMIC MASS OF AN ELEMENT?
AN AVERAGE VALUE THAT TAKES ACCOUNT OF THE ABUNDANCE OF ISOTOPES OF THE ELEMENT
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WHAT IS AN ISOTOPE?
AN ELEMENT TAHT HAS THE SAME ATOMICMASS (SAME NUMBER OF PROTONS) BUT A DIFFERENT MASS NUMBER (DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS)
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HOWDO ELECTRONS FILL UP ENERGY LEVELS / ELECTRON SHELLS?
FILL THE LOWEST AVAILABLE ENERGY LEVEL FIST. THIS IS THE SHELL NEAREST TO THE NUCLEUS)
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HOW IS THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF AN ELEMENT REPRESENTED?
BY A DOT OR CROSS DIAGRAM OR BY NUMBERS
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WHAT IS THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF SODIUM?
2 , 8 , 1
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WHAT IS THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF CHLORINE?
2 , 8 , 7
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Al HAS 13 ELECTRONS. GIVE ITS ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE.
2 , 8 , 3
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HOW ARE ELEMENTS ARRANGED IN THE PERIODIC TABLE?
ATOMIC (PROTON) NUMBER
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WHAT DO THE GROUPS CONTAIN?
ELEMENTS WITH SIMILAR PROPERTIES
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WHY IS THE PERIODIC TABLE NAMED?
ELEMENTS WITH SIMILAR PROPERTIES OCCUR AT REGULAR INTERVALS
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WHAT IS IMPORTANT ABOUT ELEMENTS FOUND IN THE SAME GROUP?
THEY HAVE THE SAME NUMBER OF ELETRONS IN THEIR OUTER SHELL
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HOW DID NEWLANDS AND MENDELEEV ARRANGE THE ELEMENTS?
BY ATOMIC WEIGHT
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WHY WAS THE ATOMIC WEIGHT ORDER INCORRECT?
SOME ELEMENTS WERE IN INAPPROPRIATE GROUPS FOR THEIR PRPERTIES
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WHAT DID MENDELEEV DO THAT WAS INNOVATIVE?
LEFT GAPS FOR UNDISCOVERED ELEMENTS. IN SOME PLACES HE CHANGED THE ORDERBASED ON ATOMIC WEIGHTS.
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HOW HAVE ELEMENTS BEEN ORDERED SINCE THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY?
BY ATOMICNUMBER (PROTON NUMBER)
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WHAT ARE GROUP 1 ELEMENTS CALLED?
ALKALI METALS
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WHAT IS THE CHARGE ON GROUP 1 METAL IONS?
+1
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WHAT TYPE OF COMPOUNDS ARE FORMED FROM GROUP 1 METALS REACTINGWITH NON-METALS
IONIC COMPOUNDS
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WHAT COLOUR ARE GROUP 1 SALTS?
WHTE
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WHAT COLOUR ARE GROUP 1 SALT SOLUTIONS?
COLOURLESS
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WHAT ARE THE PRODUCTS WHEN GROUP 1 ELEMENTS ARE REACTED WITH WATER?
METAL HYDROXIDE + HYDROGEN
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HOW DOES REACTIVITY CHANGE FROM GROUP 1?
INCREASES
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WHY DOES IT CHANGE LIKE THIS?
THE OUTER ELECTRON IS FURTHER FROM THE NUCLEUS. THERE IS LESS ATTRACTION TO THE NUCLEUS. THE OUTER ELECTRON IS MORE EASILY LOST
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HOW DOES THE MELTING POINT CHANGE DOWN GROUP 1?
GETS LOWER
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GIVE 3 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TRANSITION METALS (TM) AND GROUP 1 METALS?
TRANSITION METALS HAVE HIGHER MELTING POINTS (EXCEPT MERCURY), TM ARE STRONGER AND HARDER, TM ARE LESS REACTIVE.
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WHAT COLOUR A TM SALTS?
VARIOUS COLOURS
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GIVE A USE FOR TRANSITION METALS?
CATALYSTS
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WHAT ARE THE GROUP 7 ELEMENTS CALLED?
HALOGENS
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WHAT CHARGE IS ON HALIDE IONS?
-1
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HOW DOES REACTIVITY CHANGE DOWN GROUP 7?
DECREASES
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WHY DOES IT CHANGE LIKE THIS?
OUTER ELECTRONS HAVE A WEEK ATTRACTION FOR THE NUCLEUS BECAUSE THEY ARE FURTHER AWAY FROM THE NUCLEUS. INNER ELECTRONS SHIELD THE OUTER ELECTRONS. HARDER TO ATTRACT AN EXTRA ELECTRON.
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HOW DOES THE MELTING POINT CHANGE DOWN GROUP 7?
GETS HIGHER
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WHAT ARE GROUP 0 ELEMENTS CALLED?
NOBLE GASES
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WHAT IS SPECIAL ABOUT THESE ELEMENTS?
UNREACTIVE - THEY HAVE A FULL OUTER SHELL OF ELECTRONS. THEY EXIST AS SINGLE ATOMS.
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WHAT IS THE TREND IN BOILING POINTS DOWN THIS GROUP?
INCREASES
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HOW MANY ELEMENTS ARE THERE?

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ABOUT 100

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Card 5

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WHAT ARE COMPOUNDS REPRESENTED BY?

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