Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

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What are atoms?
The smallest particle of an element.
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What are molecules?
Two or more atoms bonded together.
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What is an element?
A substance made of atoms with the same proton number.
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What is a compound?
Two or more elements react and atoms are combined together..
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What is a mixture?
Contains more than one molecule.
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What charge is a metal ion?
Positive
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What charge is a non metal ion?
Negative
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What is covalent bonding?
A shared pair of electrons
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What is ionic bonding?
Transfer of electrons
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What is an isotope?
Different forms of the same element which have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
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Relative atomic mass (abundance)
sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass number/sum of abundances of all the isotopes
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How are mixtures separated?
Filtration
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How are solutes separated from solvents?
Evaporation
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How are solvents separated from each other?
Fractional distillation
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How are solvents separated from solutions?
Distillation
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Who described atoms as solid spheres that make up atoms?
J. Dalton
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Who concluded that atoms had negatively charged particles?
JJ Thompson
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Who conducted alpha particle experiments using gold foil?
T. Rutherford
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Describe the gold foil experiment.
Particles should pass through or be slightly deflected if plum pudding was correct.Deflected wildly or straight back meant that there was open space and a concentrated, positive mass in the middle.
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What was Bohr's model?
Electrons contained in shells and so are not attracted to nucleus. Supported by experiments. Shells were at a fixed distance and orbited nucleus.
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How were elements arranged in the early 1800s?
By atomic mass from which patterns of properties in elements was noticed.
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Who improved the Periodic Table?
Dmitri Mendeleev
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How?
Arranged atoms by atomic mass but swapped elements if they fitted together better and left gaps for undiscovered elements
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Was he right?
Yes, elements were discovered that fitted the gaps and with the discovery of isotope it can be seen that he was right not to stick to atomic mass strictly.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are molecules?

Back

Two or more atoms bonded together.

Card 3

Front

What is an element?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a compound?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is a mixture?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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