The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12 of the weight of carbon-12
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How do you calculate relative atomic mass?
Mass of isotope A+B x Abundance A+B / 100
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Explain the first 2 steps of mass spectrometry
Sample is heated to form a gas, electron gun fires an electron at the atom to knock an electron off - making it ionised
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Explain the next 2 steps of mass spectrometry
Ionised atoms are accelerated towards a negatively charged plate, ions then enter ion drift where there is no electrical field so they continue at same rate
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Explain the last stage of mass spectrometry
Ions gain an electron in the detector which creates a current, detector then calculates how long it took for atom to travel and how many of that atom there is
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What is the order of discovery for the neutron, proton and electron?
1. Electron, 2. Proton, 3. Neutron
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What did Schrodinger conclude in 1926?
We cannot identify where an electron is, we can only calculate the probability of it being in one area - quantum physics
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What is the 1st shell made up of?
S-orbital, S-subshell, S-Shell
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How many electrons can the 1st shell carry?
2
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What shape is the 1st shell?
Spherical
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What is the 2nd shell made up of?
1 S-subshell, 1 P-subshell
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How many orbitals are in a P-subshell?
3
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How many electrons can the 2nd shell carry?
8 (6 in P shell, 2 in S shell)
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What shape is the 2nd shell?
Dumbbell
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What is the 3rd shell made up of?
1 S-subshell, 1 P-subshell, 1 D-subshell
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How many orbitals are in a D-subshell?
5
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How many electrons can the 3rd shell carry?
18
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What do electrons undergo in orbitals?
Spin
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How do shells fill in orbitals?
1 in each shell first, then they began to fill as pairs
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