To moniter the biodiversity of a habitat over time and to compare biodiversity to different habitats. e.g the Simpson's index which describes the biodiversity of motile organisms.
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What does the N in the Simpson's index represent?
The total number of organisms present
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What does the n in the Simpson's index represent?
The number in each species
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What does more habitats mean?
That there's more ecological niches and this means that more sepcies can be accommodated and so biodiversity is higher.
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What does an examination of genes and alleles give?
An examination of genes and alleles gives an assessment of biodiversity at the genetic level. This focuses on the alleles present in the gene pool of the population.
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What is a locus?
A genes position on a chromosome.
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What does a locus show?
Polymorphism if it has two or more alleles at frequencies greater than would occur by mutation alone.
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What does Gene T control?
Gene T controls height, there's two different alleles
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What does Gene S control?
Gene S controls whether or not the pollen can germinate on the stigma of a flower of the same species. In one species of poppy, gene s has 31 different alleles.
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What has a greater biodiversity, gene s or t and why?
Gene S as it has more phenotypes possible
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What is an example of polymorphism in humans?
The ABO blood grouping system, I gene has 3 alleles, IA, IB and IO.
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What do organisms that are more closely related have?
DNA base sequences that are more similar.
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What do non-coding sequences undergo?
Mutations so individuals acquire different base sequences.
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What are the single base differences called?
SNPs (snips) which stands for single nucleotide polymorphisms
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What are the regions of DNA that vary?
They are about 20-40 base sequences long and often repeated many times. These unique lengths of non-coding DNA are called hypervariable regions (HVR) or short tandem repeats (STRs)
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What does the more different SNPs and HVRs a population has mean?
The more different SNPs and HVRs a population has, the more differences there are in its DNA fingerprints. More differences indicate a great biodiversity.
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What is the process of natural selection?
1) Mutation, 2) Variation, 3) Competitive advantage, 4) Survival of the fittest, 5) Reproduction, 6) Pass advantageous alleles to offspring
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What is mutation?
Differences in DNA
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What is variation?
Different physical appearence or behaviour
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What is competitve advantage?
Some are more suited to the environment that others and out-compete them for resources
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What is survival of the fittest?
Those more suited to the environment survive better
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What is reproduction?
Those more suited to the environment have more offspring
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What's the explanation of 'pass advantageous alleles to offspring'?
Offspring inherit the advantageous alleles so they're also suited to the environment
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What does natural selection generate?
Biodiversity
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What can a biodiversity index be used for?
Back
To moniter the biodiversity of a habitat over time and to compare biodiversity to different habitats. e.g the Simpson's index which describes the biodiversity of motile organisms.
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