Aspects of International Relations (PART FOUR)

Aspects of International Relations 1945-2004

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When had the Brezhnev Doctrine ended by?
1981
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Evidence?
No Soviet intervention in Poland's first Solidarity uprising
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Who became Soviet leader in 1985 after Chernenko?
Gorbachev
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What was Gorbachev's ideology?
New Political Thinking
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What were the aspects of New Political Thinking?
-Perestroika -Glasnost -Democratisation
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What was Perestroika?
Economic restructuring (elements of capitalism in a command economy) eg Anti-Alcohol Campaign 1985/Law on Joint Ventures 1987 (49% foreign investment) (led to miners strikes ect 1989)
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What was Glasnost?
Openness policy -followed 1986 Chernobyl incident/Allowed for open criticism of communism
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What Democratisation took place?
Opposition party within the congress
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What was Reagan's policy?
Militarised Counter Revolution
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What did it include?
-Reagan Doctrine -Arms spending
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How much did the Carter administration originally spend on defence overall and how much did the Reagan administration spend in comparison?
$17.5 billion compared to Reagan's $300 billion
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What evidence is there of the Reagan Doctrine?
-Nicaragua Contras -El Salvador -Poland
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When was SDI started?
1983
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How much was spent on SDI?
26 billion dollars over five years
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How much did arms spending increase under Reagan?
13% in 1982 and a further 8% each of the following two years
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What impact did Reagan on the end of the Cold War?
-Limited impact -More in negotiations
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When was the Geneva Summit?
1985
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When was the Rejavik Summit and what was discussed? What was the outcme?
1986, scrapping SDI. Reagan refused to negotiate SDI
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When did Solidarity first emerge?
1980-1983
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Who was the Communist leader of Poland?
General Jaruzelski
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Who was the leader of Solidarity?
Lech Walesa
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Who supported Solidarity in 1983 and 1987 speeches?
Pope John Paul II
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How did the Reagan Doctrine influence Poland?
Withdrawal of Poland from IMF aid put economic pressure on Poland furthering price increases
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What was the result of this?
Increased popular support of Solidarity
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When did communism collapse in Poland and how?
1989 with Democratic elections which Solidarity won
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When did communism collapse in Romania and how?
1989 -resistance
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What was the collapse of communism called in Czechoslovakia?
The Velvet Revolution
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Who argues that popular protest in isolation ended the Cold War?
Saull
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Who supports the view that Reagan ended the Cold War?
Gaddis or McFarlane
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What evidence is there that the Militarised Counter Revolution had no impact on the Soviet economy?
$4 billion a year propping up Cuba -$8 billion a year in Afghanistan (over 10 years) -General who proposed increased arms spending fired -Soviet scientists thought SDI wouldn't work anyway
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In an extended answer what is an argument to reason the end of the Cold War?
Soviet economy influenced Soviet policy which allowed for popular protest to collapse communism in Easter Europe removing the ideological differences and ending the Cold War -Reagan's influence was in negotiating and the Reagan Doctrine in Poland
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Evidence?

Back

No Soviet intervention in Poland's first Solidarity uprising

Card 3

Front

Who became Soviet leader in 1985 after Chernenko?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What was Gorbachev's ideology?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What were the aspects of New Political Thinking?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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