Slow Movement: Soil particles are pushed/heaved to the surface by wetting, heating or freezing of water. They move at right angles to the surface as it is the ZONE of LEAST RESISTANCE. They fall under GRAVITY. Water thaws, particles move down slope.
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Rain-Splash Erosion
Slow Movement: Flat surfaces--> raindrops compact soil in equal directions. Slopes--> downward component is more effective (gravity) = erosion increases down slope.
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Surface Wash
Flow Movement: Soil's infiltration capacity is exceeded. Commonly occurs in winter when water drains across saturated/frozen ground following snow/rain.
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Sheetwash
Flow Movement: Unchannelled flow of water over a soil surface. Sheetwash is divided into areas of high velocity, seperated by areas of low velocity. It is capable of transporting material dislodged by rain-splash.
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Throughflow
Flow Movement: Water moves down through soil. It is channelled into natural pipes (very small channels of water in the soil). Gives energy to transport material.
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Slides
Mass Movement: Sliding material maintains shape and cohesion until it impacts at the bottom of slope, leaving large, slumped terraces. Range in size-often caused by prolonged rain.
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Falls
Mass Movement: Occurs on steep slopes >70 degree angle. Initial cause may be weathering (disintegration/freeze thaw). Once rocks detach, they fall under gravity.
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Slumps
Mass Movement: Occur on weaker rocks eg Clay and have a rotational movement. Clay absorbs water, becomes saturated beyond capacity. Clay then flows along a slip plane. The base is often undercut by erosion so its strength is already weak.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Slow Movement: Flat surfaces--> raindrops compact soil in equal directions. Slopes--> downward component is more effective (gravity) = erosion increases down slope.
Back
Rain-Splash Erosion
Card 3
Front
Flow Movement: Soil's infiltration capacity is exceeded. Commonly occurs in winter when water drains across saturated/frozen ground following snow/rain.
Back
Card 4
Front
Flow Movement: Unchannelled flow of water over a soil surface. Sheetwash is divided into areas of high velocity, seperated by areas of low velocity. It is capable of transporting material dislodged by rain-splash.
Back
Card 5
Front
Flow Movement: Water moves down through soil. It is channelled into natural pipes (very small channels of water in the soil). Gives energy to transport material.
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