Movement of substances across membranes against their concentration gradient, requiring the use of energy in the form of ATP. Active transport usually involves the use of transport proteins.
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Alveoli
Small air sacs in the lungs.
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Bronchi
Airways in the lungs that lead from the trachea to the bronchioles.
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Bronchioles
Airways in the lungs that lead from the bronchi to the alveoli.
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Cartilage
A flexible, slightly elastic connective tissue.
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Cartilage ring
A flexible ring of cartilage that holds the airways open.
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Ciliated epithelium
Epithelial cells that have cilia on their cell surface.
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Constrict
To make narrow. For example, vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels.
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Deoxygenated
Blood with haemoglobin that carries no or little oxygen.
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Diaphragm
A sheet of muscular and fibrous tissue separating the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.
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Elastic fibres
Long fibres of the protein elastin that have the ability to stretch and recoil.
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Elastic tissue
Tissue containing the protein elastin, which is able to stretch and recoil.
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Exchange surface
A specialised area adapted to make it easier for molecules to cross from one side of the surface to the other.
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Gaseous exchange
The movement of gases by diffusion across a barrier such as the atreous wall.
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Goblet cells
Mucus-secreting cells in epithelial tissue.
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Intercostal muscles
Muscles between the ribs, responsible for moving the rib cage during breathing.
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Keratin
Fibrous protein found in skin, hair and nails.
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Lymphatic system
A system of lymph nodes and lacteals with lymph fluid.
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Mucus
A slimy substance secreted by goblet cells in animal epithelial tissues. It is made up mostly of glycoproteins (proteins bonded to carbohydrates) and is used to protect and/or lubricate the surface on to which it is secreted.
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Oxygenated
Describes blood carrying oxygen in the form of oxyhaemoglobin.
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Trachea
The windpipe leading from the back of the mouth to the bronchi.
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Villi
Folds in the wall of an organ or tissue that increase surface area.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Small air sacs in the lungs.
Back
Alveoli
Card 3
Front
Airways in the lungs that lead from the trachea to the bronchioles.
Back
Card 4
Front
Airways in the lungs that lead from the bronchi to the alveoli.
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