AS2 Definitions 5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? ChemistryBonding & shapesASCCEA Created by: jbradley636Created on: 02-03-16 21:37 Empirical formula A formula which shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound. 1 of 22 Molecular Formula A formula which shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule. 2 of 22 Molar gas volume The volume of one mole of gas under specified conditions of temperature and pressure e.g. 24dm³ at 20°C and one atmosphere pressure. 3 of 22 Homologous series Compounds which have the same general formula, similar chemical properties and successive members differ by CH2. 4 of 22 Functional group The part of a structure which determines the characteristic reactions of the compound. 5 of 22 Structural isomers Molecules which have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula. 6 of 22 Stereoisomers (geometric) Have the same structural formula but different 3D spatial arrangements. 7 of 22 Saturated hydrocarbon Contains no C = C or C triple bond C. 8 of 22 Hydrocarbon Contains hydrogen and carbon only. 9 of 22 Thermal cracking Breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules using heat. 10 of 22 Substitution Replacing one atom or group with a different atom or group. 11 of 22 Homolytic fission Bond breaking in which one of the shared electrons goes to each atom. 12 of 22 Free radical A particle with with an unpaired electron. 13 of 22 Catalyst A substance which alters the speed of a chemical reaction but does not get used up. 14 of 22 Unsaturated hydrocarbon Contains at least one C = C bond or C triple bond C. 15 of 22 Sigma bond A covalent bond formed by the linear overlap of atomic orbitals resulting in free rotation along the bond axis. 16 of 22 Pi bond A covalent bond formed by the sideways overlap of p orbitals resulting in it being restricted along the bond axis. 17 of 22 Bond length The distance between the nuclei of two covalently bonded atoms. 18 of 22 Hydrogenation Addition of a hydrogen molecule across a C=C. 19 of 22 Electrophile An ion or molecule that attacks regions of high electron density. 20 of 22 Heterolytic fission Bond breaking in which the shared electrons go to one atom. 21 of 22 Polymerisation Joining together of small molecules (monomers) to form a large molecule. 22 of 22
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