AS Physics Keywords

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  • Created by: Myrty
  • Created on: 21-06-18 18:34
Scalar
Quanitity with only magnitude and no direction.
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Vector
Quantity with magnitude and direction.
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Resultant Force
Single force to replace all forces.
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Coulple
Two equal antiparallel forces which cause rotation.
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Torque
Total moment of a couple.
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Principle of Moments
For a system in equilibrium, the clockwise moment is equal to the anticlockwise moment.
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Archimedes' Principle
Upthrust is equal to the weight of fluid replaced.
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Thinking Distance
Distance travelled between seeing a hazard and applying the brakes.
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Braking Distance
Distance travelled between applying the brakes and stopping.
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Stopping Distance
Thinking distance + braking distance.
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Work
Force x distance moved in the direction of the force.
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Power
Work done per second.
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Hooke's Law
The extension of an elastic object is directly proportional to the force applied until the limit of proportionality is reached.
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Elastic Stage
Obeys Hooke's Law, returns to original length once released.
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Plastic Stage
Doesn't obey Hooke's Law, after limit of proportionality is reached, doesn't return to original length.
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Spring Constant (k)
How stiff a spring is, the size of the force needed to extend the spring by 1m.
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Stress
Cause of material being deformed, force/area.
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Strain
Fraction of original length material extends, extension/original length.
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Young Modulus
How difficult a material is to deform, stress/strain.
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Newton's First Law
A body will remain at rest or continue to move at a constant velocity until an external force acts on it.
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Newton's Second Law
The resultant force of an objectis proportional to the rate of change of momentum, Ft = mv-mu.
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Newton's Third Law
If object A exerts a force on object B, object B will extert an equal but opposite force.
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Elastic Collision
Momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.
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Inelastic Collision
Only momentum conserved, kinetic is transferred to heat, sound, etc.
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Potential Difference
Energy per unit charge transferred from electrical from another form.
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Electromotive Force
Energy per unit charge transferred from another form to electrical.
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Ohm's Law
Current is directly proportional to potential difference providing physical conditions are kept constant.
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Kirchoff's First Law
The sum of currents entering a junction is equal the the sum leaving because of the law of conservation of charge.
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Kirchoff's Second Law
In a closed loop, the sum of the EMFs is equal to the sum of PDs because of the law of conservation of energy.
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Current
A flow of charge (electrons or ions).
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Potential Divider
Splits EMF from a power source.
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Internal Resistance
Terminal PD is always slightly less than the EMF because of lost volts. Caused by resistance of chemicals or wires in the power source.
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Progressive Wave
Transfers energy
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Transverse Wave
Wave moves perpendicular to the oscillations.
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Longitudinal Wave
Wave moves parallel to the oscillations.
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Displacement
Instantaneous distance from an undisturbed point.
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Amplitude
Maximum distance from an undisturbed point.
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Wavelength
Distance between two similar points.
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Period
Time to complete one oscillation.
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Frequency
Number of oscillations per second.
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Phase
How much one wave lags behind the other.
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Reflection
Waves bounce off of a surface.
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Diffraction
Waves spread out after passsing through a gap.
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Refraction
Wave changes speed after a change in density, causing it to bend.
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Interference
Waves overlap and cancel each other out at points.
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Polarisation
Oscillations of a wave is redused in one direction.
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Angle of Incidence
In less dense material.
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Angle of Refraction
In more dense material.
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Principle of Superpostion
When two waves superpose, the resultant displacement is the sum of the individual displacements.
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Constructive Interference
Two waves in phase overlap, total displacement increases.
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Destructive Interference
Two waves out of phase overlap, total displacement decreases.
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Maxima
Area of most constructive interference.
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Minima
Area of most destructive interference.
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Stationary Wave
Don't transfer energy.
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Node
Point of zero displacement (destructive interference).
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Antinode
Point of maximum displacement (constructive inteference)
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Photon
Packet of light energy.
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Work Function
Minimum energy needed for an electron to leave the surface of a metal.
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Photoelectric Effect
One electron leaves the surface of a metal after receiving enough energy from one photon.
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Threshold Frequency
Minimum frequency for an electron to be released (with no kinetic energy).
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Wave-Particle Duality
Waves can exhibit particle like properties (photoelectric effect) and vice versa (electron diffraction).
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De Broglie's Wavelength
Particles can only behave like waves when interacting with an object with similar dimensions to it's De Broglie's wavelength.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Quantity with magnitude and direction.

Back

Vector

Card 3

Front

Single force to replace all forces.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Two equal antiparallel forces which cause rotation.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Total moment of a couple.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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