AS Biology Carbohydrates 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyBiological moleculesASOCR Created by: AmyeFarmerCreated on: 12-06-18 10:34 What is a single sugar unit called? Monosaccharide 1 of 35 What are 3 examples of monosaccharides? Glucose, Fructose, Ribose 2 of 35 What is it called when two monosaccharides join? Disaccharide 3 of 35 What is it called when more than two monosaccharides join? Polysaccharide 4 of 35 What is the chemical formula for Glucose? C6H12O6 5 of 35 How many carbons is Glucose made of? 6 6 of 35 What are the two types of Glucose? Alpha and Beta 7 of 35 Are Glucose molecules polar? Yes 8 of 35 Is Glucose soluable? Yes in water 9 of 35 Why is it soluable? Glucose creates hydrogen bonds with water molecules 10 of 35 What is a condensation reaction? A bond is formed between the sugars and water is released 11 of 35 What bond is formed? A covalent bond called a glycosidic bond 12 of 35 What is Starch? Many alpha glucose molecules joined by glycosidic bonds 13 of 35 What are the only bonds in Amylose? 1,4 glycosidic bonds 14 of 35 What shape is Amylose and why? Twists into a helix due to the angle of the bonds 15 of 35 What makes Amylose stable? Hydrogen bonding 16 of 35 What does this do to Amylose? Makes it more compact and less soluable 17 of 35 What bonds are in Amylopectin? 1,4 glycosidic bonds and 1,6 glycosidic bonds 18 of 35 What does this create in Amylopectin? Branched structure with 1,6 bond occuring every 25 glucose molecules 19 of 35 Why is Glycogen compact? It has a branched structure 20 of 35 What does the structure allow? Other glucose molecules to be added and removed quickly 21 of 35 What is a Hydrolysis reaction? Glycosidic bonds are broken by the addition of water 22 of 35 What is a Hydrolysis reaction catalysed by? Enzymes 23 of 35 What is Cellulose made from? Beta glucose 24 of 35 How is Cellulose formed? The beta molecules are alternately turned upside down 25 of 35 What is Cellulose unable to do? Coil or form branches 26 of 35 How do Cellulose molecules form? Hydrogen bonds with each other making microfibrils 27 of 35 What happens when these join together? They make macrofibrils 28 of 35 What are the three tests for Carbohydrates? Benedict's for Reducing sugars, Benedict's for Non-Reducing sugars, Iodine for starch 29 of 35 Define a Reducing Sugar It can donate electrons or reduce to form another molecule or chemical 30 of 35 What is the method for testing for Reducing sugars? Add equal volumes or Benedict's reagent and sample into a boiling tube, then heat the mixture gently in a water bath for 5 minutes 31 of 35 What does a positive result show? Brick Red precipitate 32 of 35 What happens with Non-Reducing sugars? They do not react with Benedict's so the solution will remain blue after warming 33 of 35 What is the method for testing for Starch? Add a few drops of iodine dissolved in potassium iodide solution to the sample in a boiling tube 34 of 35 What does a positive result show? Colour changes from yellow/brown to purple/black 35 of 35
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