retractable mouthparts, many are blind or have simple compound eyes, wingless, springtails
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What is haemolymph?
hexapod's equivalence to blood
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Why are insects ecologically important?
They recycle nutrients by breaking down dead material, involved in pollinating and seed dispersal, they are food for animals and animal animal parasites (disease vectors)
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Define endosymbionts
an organism living inside another organism, may be used in efficient digestion
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What is the function of the malphighian tubule?
to control water balance and reduce loss of solutes
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What is the function of the salivary gland?
for the digestion of flesh or plants (contains clot prevention in mosquitos)
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What is the function of the peritrophic membrane?
to protect the gut wall
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What is the function of the gastric caecum?
contains digestive enzymes, bacteria, and protozoa
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What is the name of the excreted protect from phloem feeders?
honeydrew
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What is escapology?
surface swimming
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What are direct flight muscles?
muscles directly attached to winds (found in dragonflies and cockroaches)
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What are indirect flight muscles?
muscles attached to throrax, wings are pivoted
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Define "ametabolous"
young identical to adults, found in primitive insects
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Define "paurometabolous"
Gradual or incomplete metamorphosis - young resemble adults (non-aquatic)
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Define "hemimetabolous"
Young (aqautic nymphs) do not closely resemble adults
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Define "holometabolous"
complete metamorphosis - includes a pupal stage, indirect development
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