Arterial Blood Gas Analysis 0.0 / 5 ? OtherArterial Blood Gas AnalysisUniversityNone Created by: FredcatleyCreated on: 02-01-21 09:55 Define Arterial Blood Gases (ABG's) -Blood test -Determines acid-base balance of the body 1 of 27 What is the acid-base balance? -Balance between acid and bases -Acids contain H+ ions (high H+ conc) -Bases contain H+ ion buffers (low H+ conc) 2 of 27 What is the normal range for Pa02 in arterial blood? 10-13 kPa 3 of 27 What does <10 kPA tell you about a pt? They're hypoxic > low levels of 02 in tissue 4 of 27 Why is it important to know the volume of O2 a pt is on? They could be in the normal range because of the 02. E.g. Pa02 10.7 kPa on 60% O2 5 of 27 What does a Pa02 <8 kPa signify? Pt has type 1 respiratory failure 6 of 27 What is the normal pH range? 7.35-7.45 7 of 27 What is the term used to describe a pH <7.35? Acidosis 8 of 27 What is the term used to describe a pH >7.45 Alkalosis 9 of 27 What is the normal range for PaCO2? 4.7-6.0 kPa 10 of 27 How would an accumulation of CO2 affect blood pH? -Causes the blood pH to fall = acidosis -PaCO2 >6.0 kPa = respiratory acidosis 11 of 27 How would a decrease in CO2 affect blood pH? -Causes pH to rise = alkalosis -PaCO2 <4.7 kPa = respiratory alkalosis 12 of 27 How does an accumulation of HCO-3 affect blood pH? Causes pH to rise = alkalosis 13 of 27 How does a decrease in HCO-3 affect blood pH? Causes pH to fall = acidosis 14 of 27 What is the normal range for HCO-3 (bicarbonate)? 22-26 15 of 27 What does <22 indicate? Metabolic acidosis 16 of 27 What does >26 indicate? Metabolic alkalosis 17 of 27 What is Base Excess (BE) used to express? Bicarbonate levels > gives HCO-3 amount above/below 24 18 of 27 What is the normal range of BE? +2 to -2 19 of 27 What does a low and high base indicate? -Low base: +4 = m. acidosis -High base: -4 = m. alkalosis 20 of 27 What are the clinical signs of respiratory acidosis? -Reduced lung ventilation = CO2 retention -CO2 retention = acidity 1. Low pH 2. High PaCO2 21 of 27 What are the clinical signs of metabolic acidosis? -Renal failure -Excessive H+ ions -Bicarbonate ion loss 1. Low pH 2. Low HCO-3 3. Low BE 22 of 27 What are the clinical signs of respiratory alkalosis? -Excessive CO2 blown off -Caused by hyperventilation > asthma 1. Raised pH 2. Low PACO2 23 of 27 What are the clinical signs of metabolic alkalosis? -Caused by excessive acid loss 1. Raised pH 2. Raised HCO-3 24 of 27 What are the clinical signs of type 1 respiratory failure? -Only affects O2 -PaO2 <8 -PaO2 <10 but >8 = hypoxemia 25 of 27 What are the clinical signs of type 2 respiratory failure? -Affects O2 and CO2 -PaO2 <8 -PaCO2 >6 26 of 27 Discuss causes of type 2 respiratory failure -Reduced respiratory drive (sedation, neuro drive) -Reduced capacity (mechanical disadvantage, malnutrition) -Lung disease > affects capacity or load 27 of 27
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