Areas and perspectives

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  • Created by: kav2340
  • Created on: 19-08-19 14:05
What is the Cognitive Area?
It studies information processes like perception, attention, language,memory and thinking how they influence our thoughts, feelings and behaviours
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What are the key assumptions of the Cognitive Area?
1. Mental processes are key to understanding human behaviour. 2. The mind can be seen as an information processor i.e. Input, processing and output of information
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What are strengths of the Cognitive Area?
1. Useful due to its practical applications in the real world which can improve human welfare. 2. Takes a scientific approach with the use of well controolled experiments, reducing the effect of Ev's
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What are weaknesses of the Cognitive Area?
1. Their use of lab experiments can be criticised as this reduces the ecological validity of research. 2. It may lack validity, as mental processes can't be studied directly. We can only infer what someone is thinking.
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What is the Social area?
It is concerned with people interacting with one another, it looks at how our thoughts, feelings and behaviour can be affected by other people
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What are they key assumptions of the Social area?
1. Human behaviour can be strongly influenced by individuals and groups. 2. Area assumes that our behaviour is strongly influenced by situational factors
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What are the strengths of the Social area?
1. The social area can explain many phenonmena e.g. social obedience. 2. socuial influences have been shown to have a strong influence of people's behaviours.
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What are the weaknesses of the Social area ?
1. It can often create unethical situtaions which can cause psychological stress to p's. 2. Criticised for lacking ecological validity.
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What is the Biological area?
It is concerned with the actions of genes, the nervous system and hormones have on our behaviour, emotions and cognitions.
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What are the Key assumptions of the Biological area?
1. Changes to brain structure causes changes to behaviour. 2. different areas of the brain are responsible for different behaviours.
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What are the strengths of the Biological area?
1. very scientific with the use of well controlled and precise scientific apparatus. 2. Useful as it can explain the biological basis of our behaviours.
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What are the weaknesses of the Biological Area?
1. The methods used by the biological area have been criticised for lacking ecological validity. 2. Criticised for bring reductionist , trying to explain complex behaviours in terms of simple biological features.
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What is the Developmental area?
Concerned with how people change and develop accross their life span.
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What are the Key assumptions of the Developmental area?
1. The area suggests that behaviours develop over our life span and may be in response to nature or nurture influences. 2. Individuals change their thinking and behaviour systematically through crucial stages of development.
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What are the strengths of the Developmental area?
1. Widen understanding of how children learn and develop. 2. Many useful applications to society.
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What are the weaknesses of the Developmental area?
1. The sudy of children has many issues e.g. Demand characteristics, attention span etc. 2. Raises ethical issues e.g. Parental concent, protection from harm.
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What is the Individual Differeneces area?
It focuses on how we differ from one another to give us greater understanding of human behaviour
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What are the Key assumptions of the Indivdual Differences area?
1. Individuals differ in their personality, thinking and behaviour. 2. It is possible to measure and study individual differnces.
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What are the strengths of the Individual Differences area?
1. Helps us to explain diversity and why people's behaviour differs. 2. Useful- helps to improve how we measure differences and understand disorders
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What are the weaknesses of the Individual Differences area?
1. Sometimes they use measures which may not be objective and are open to bias. 2. Can sometimes be unethical when studying indv d. and disorders.
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What is the Behaviourist perspective?
They view people as controlled by their enviroment and specifically that we are the result of what we have learnt from the enviroment. It is concerned with how enviromental factors called stimuli affect observable behaviour called the response.
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What are they Key assumptions of the Behaviourist perspective
1. Psychology should study observable behaviour. 2. We are products of the enviroment. 3. We acquire our behaviour through learning.
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What are the 3 types of learning of the Behavioural perspective?
1) Classical Conditioning - learning throug association. 2) Operant Conditioning - learning from reward to consequence. 3) SLT - Observational learning, watching others suuch as role models and imitating the behaviour.
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What has the Bheaviourist perspective been able to influence?
It has been able to find ways to reduce affects of a learnt phobia
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What are the strengths of the Behaviourist perspective?
1. Scientific approach, controlled exp , reduce effect of EV's,. 2. Usefu as it has many practical applications e.g. Operant conditioning can be used to modify behaviours
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What are the weaknesses of the of the Behaviourist perspective?
1. Reductionist, as it ignores mental processes and just focuses on stimulus-> response. 2. Use of controlled investigations- lack ecological validity
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Which studies illustrate the Behaviourist perspective?
Bandura (operant conditioning), Chaney (Positive reinforcement with funhaler, increasing adherance) and Milgram
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What is the Psychodynamic perspective?
Created by Freud that said out behaviour is determined by our unconcious processes and our early childhood experiences.
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What is the structure of our unconscious mind?
1) The ID- pleasure principle, it gets what it wants. 2) The EGO- the rational part of our mind. 3) SUPER-EGO- Our completely moral side, e.g. causes feeling of guilt when rules are broken
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What are the key assumptions of the Psychodynamic perspective?
1. Behaviour is strongly influenced by the drives of the unconscious mind. 2. Our unconscious mind protects the conscious mind from uncomfortable thoughts and feelings through 'defence mechanisms' 3. Development is affected by early relationships
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What are the strengths of the Psychodynamic perspective?
1. Can be used to explain a wide variety of behaviours, includng phobias, dreams and anxieties associated with a phobia. 2. Useful as it can suggest treatments such as psychoanalysis.
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What are the weaknesses of the Psychodynamic perspective?
1. The psychodynamic perspective's theory of the unconscious mind, and his theory of the oedipus complex are impossible to test scientifically. 2. Use of case studies to analyse individual's dysfunctional behaviour are considered unscientific-
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which studies illustrate the Psychodynamic perspective?
freud , kholberg
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Card 2

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What are the key assumptions of the Cognitive Area?

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1. Mental processes are key to understanding human behaviour. 2. The mind can be seen as an information processor i.e. Input, processing and output of information

Card 3

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What are strengths of the Cognitive Area?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

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What are weaknesses of the Cognitive Area?

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Card 5

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What is the Social area?

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