AQA GCSE Additional Chemistry

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What is a compound ?
A substance made when two or more elements are chemically bonded together.
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What is Ionic Bonding ?
The electrostatic force of attraction between positively and negatively charged ions.
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What is a Covalent bond ?
The attraction between two atoms that share one or more pairs of electrons.
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Name some properties of Ionic Structures..
They have very strong electrostatic forces and high melting and boiling points
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What type of structure does an ionic bond have ?
When solid, the positive and negative ions are structured in a lattice formation and are therefore sat in a fixed position
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Ionic structures can only conduct electricity..
In a solution or when molten
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What happens to ionic structures in a solution ?
The water molecules break these bonds , the electrical charge then flows through the now free electrons
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What holds the ions together in an ionic compound ?
Electrostatic forces
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Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points ?
It takes a lot of energy to break up a giant ionic lattice
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Why is seawater a better conductor of electricity compared to freshwater?
There is salt in the sea and salt is an ionic compound therefore the ions move freely, allowing charge to flow through
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Properties of a Diamond structure?
High melting/boiling points,four strong covalent bonds,doesn't conduct electricity,used for jewelry and cutting tools ,insoluble in water,bond shape=tetrahedral
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Properties of a Graphite structure?
Can be used for pencils(lead),has one delocalised electron which allows it to conduct electricity,has three strong covalent bonds,the layer slide,bond shape;hexagon,no bonds between layers, it is a soft and slippery material
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Properties of a Buckminster Fullerene
Has cage-like strong covalent bonds which are pentagonal and hexagonal shaped , it has three bonds, it can manipulate it's own bond shape , has one delocalised electron so can conduct electricity,medical uses :targeting cells and viruses
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What is an Allotrope?
An allotrope is made out of the same substance(one atom type _)but has different forms
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Properties in metals of Giant Metallic Structurs
Ductile,shiny,maluable,good conductors of heat and electricity,solid at room temperature(except for mercury),high melting/boiling point,not brittle,atoms are arranged in layers
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What is a shape memory alloy ?
A shape memory alloy is when deformed metals are reheated and turn back into their original state
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What is a Polymer?
A very big and long molecule
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What is a Polymer made of ?
Very small molecules name monomers
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What is Polymerisation?
This is when lots of monomers join to make a polymer
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What are the two types of polymer?
High and low density
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Properties of Low density polymers..
Requires very high pressure and a small amount of oxygen, polymer chains can't pack tight together
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Properties of High density polymers..
Requires slight pressure at 50 degrees with a catalyst,molecules can pack tightly together , it forms strong plastics
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What is a thermosoftening polymer?
A type of polymer that can be reformed on heating
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What is a theremosetting polymer?
A polymer that cannot be reformed on heating due to the strong covalent bonds between chain of molecules
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What is nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale
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Some benefits of Nanotechnology...
It revolutionises electronic products(nano diodies, LED's etc),benefits the energy sector,clean and highly efficient in manufacturing,radically improved formulation of drugs;diagnostics and organ replacement
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Facts about nanotechnology
Comes from the Greek word "nanos" , which means "dwarf" and one nanometre is one millionth of a millimetre
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Risks of nanotechnology..
Health issues-the effects of nanomaterials on the human body,environmental issues-the effects of nanomaterials on the environemtn,speculative issues,societal issues
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What is an isotope?
Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is Ionic Bonding ?

Back

The electrostatic force of attraction between positively and negatively charged ions.

Card 3

Front

What is a Covalent bond ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Name some properties of Ionic Structures..

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What type of structure does an ionic bond have ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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