What are the 4 studies for the A01 of cultural influences on gender essay?
Mead, Williams and Best, Buss, Eagly and wood
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What did Mead's research suggest?
Cultural differences: Differences in agression found between the Arapesh, Mundugumor and Tchumbuli tribes
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What did Williams and Best research suggest?
2800 students, 30 countries, asked to say whether each of 300 adjectives were female or male sterotypes, and consistency was found across all countries
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What did Buss' research suggest?
37 cultures, showing similarities in mate preferences, suggesting that gender is innate
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What did Eagly and Wood's research find?
Repetition of Buss' study to find again that gender is innate
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What is the basis of the gender schema theory?
Development starts at 2 years old when a child identifies their in-group/out-group and then develops a schema from this
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What are the 4 studies used to evaluate the gender schema theory
Martin and Little, Martin and Halverson, Brabard et al, Stangor and Rubie
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What did the Martin and Little resarch find?
Kids under 4 showed no gender constancy but strong sterotypes, suggesting Kohlberg's theory is wrong and the gender schema theory is right
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What did Martin and Halverson research find?
Kids under the age of 6 recalled more consistent pictures than gender inconsistent pictures
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What did the Brabard et al research find?
Schemas are important shown by children aged 4-9 given toys labelled either girl or boy toys and children payed most intention to their in-group
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What did the Stangor and Rubie research find?
Gender schema and gender constancy are simply different stages
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What are the A01 points for biosocial explnations of gender dysphoria?
Hare et al, Brain sex theory, Stroller, mental illness
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What did Hare et al propose?
112 MtF transsexuals had a longer version of the androgen receptor leading to reduced testosterone
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What did Stroller propose?
Overly close relations between mother- son leads to gender confusion
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What are the 3 studies used to evaluate the biosocial explanations of gender dysphoria?
Chung et al, Zucker et al, Coate et al
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What did Chung et al find?
Challenges the Brain Sex Theory, because the BSTc doesn't develop until adolescence but symptoms of gender dysphoria are felt in childhood
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What did Zucker et al find?
115 boys studied and 64% of them who went on to have gender dysphoria also had separation anxiety
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What did Coate et al find?
Trauma (a mother with depression due to miscarriage) triggered a young boy to start cross dressing to relieve the stress
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What did Kohlberg propose as a theory of gender development?
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