AQA Psychology- Unit 3

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What are the 2 theories used to explain formation of romantic relationships?
Reward-need satisfaction and Matching hypothesis
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What is meant by the reward-need satisfaction theory?
partner=source of reward and this reward is learned through classical (association) and operant (consequence) conditioning
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What is meant by the matching hypothesis?
Where someone seeks a partner with a similar desirabilty (if you have a high desirablity your partner will be of high desirability) and those best matched last longer
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What are the 4 researchers that investigated the formation of relationships
Griffit+Guay, May and Hamiliton, Walster et al, Murstein
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What did Griffit and Guay find?
Liking rate of experimentor by ppts. was higher when they were positively reinforced (praised), supporting the reward-need satisfaction hypothesis
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What did Murstein find?
Pictures of real couples were rated more similarily than pictures of randomly paired couples, supporting matching hypothesis
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What did May and Hamilton find?
Ppts were asked to rate pictures of opposite sex. One group had positive music played and the other had negative music and then this compare with a control (no music)- found that those in positive group rated pictures higher, supporting theory
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What did Walster et al find?
752 students, rated by 4 judges on attractiveness and then randomly paired, it was found physical attractiveness was most important factor after ppts were asked to rate dates, challenging matching hypothesis
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What are the 2 explanations of mantainence of romantic relationships
Social exchange and Equity theory
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What is meant by the social exchange theory?
Rewards must outweigh costs for a relationship to be satisfying (comparison levels are used)
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What is meant by the equity theory
The theory  states that it is important for a balance of rewards/costs in a relationship
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What are the A02 points for maintainence of a relationship
Simpson et al,
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What did the Simpson et al study find?
participants in a realtionship rated pictures of opposite sex lower than single ppts to eliminate alternatives
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What are the issues surrounding Simpson et al research?
social desriability bias and low population validity (only 204 Texans)
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What is the explanation given for the breakdown of relationships
Rollie and Ducks stage model: 1) Intra-Psychic, 2) Dyadic, 3) Social, 4) Grave dressing, 5) Resurrection, as well as Rollie stating that multiple factors lead to breakdown ie. lack of stimulation
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What are the A02 studies for breakdown of romantic relationships?
Tashiro + Frazier, Akert, Gender specificy, Heterosexual bias
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What are the A02 points for evoultionary explanations of relationships?
Buss et al, Waynforth + Dunbar, Student/experimentor,
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What did Buss et al find?
10,000 ppts, 37 cultures, overall men look for attractiveness and youth + women look for financial support
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What did Waynforth + Dunbar find?
900 lonely heart ads, 42% of males look for youth compared to 25% of women, and 44% of males look for attractive partner compared to 22% females
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What are the A02 points for sex differences in parental investment?
Geher et al, Geher et al follow up, Anderson, Socialisation
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What did Geher et al find in their research and how does this differ from the Geher et al follow up study?
Geher et al- 91 non-parent students asked certain questions to do with raising child but no differences found, Follow up- Men have greater ANS arousal
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What did the Anderson research show?
Men invest just as much as their step children
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What are the 4 A01 points for parent-child relationships on earlier relationships?
Internal working model, continuity hypothesis, maternal deprivation hypothesis, 2.5 years of critical period
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What are the A02 points for the parent-child relationships on romantic relationships essay
Hazan + Shaver, Simpson et al, Van der Kolk + Fisler, Kitzpatrick
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What did the Hazan + Shaver research show?
Love quiz, IA= fear of closeness, IR= difficulty in finding true love, SA= solid relationships AND divorce rate 12% higher in IA
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What did the Simpson et al research show?
Longitudinal study, 78 ppts followed from infancy to adolescence and those rated securely attached had closer relationships
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What did the Van der Kolk and Fisler research show?
Children who had suffered abuse, had a disorganised attachment type
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What did the Kitzpatrick research show?
Attachment type is not fixed, you can shift from SA to IA
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Are are the A01 explanations of culture on relationships and who created each?
Hofstede: Voluntary.Vs.Involuntary, Indivualist.Vs.Collectivist, Differences in loneliness + Levine: DIfferences in the importance of love
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What is meant by the reward-need satisfaction theory?

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partner=source of reward and this reward is learned through classical (association) and operant (consequence) conditioning

Card 3

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What is meant by the matching hypothesis?

Back

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Card 4

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What are the 4 researchers that investigated the formation of relationships

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Card 5

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What did Griffit and Guay find?

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