AQA Geography - The nature and importance of places

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Place
the way an area is perceived depending on location, locale and emotional attachment.
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Characteristics of a place
Physical features:the site of land, resources,how these things have affected the place’s development • Economic functions: how it provides services and work • Cultural landscape: everything you can see in a place – nature, architecture, sports,
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3 different aspects of the geographical concept of place
LOCATION LOCALE SENSE OF PLACE
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LOCATION
where a place is on a map – it’s latitude and longitude.
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LOCALE
each place is made up of a series of locales where everyday life activities take place – EG. An office. These locales dictate our social interactions and help forge attitudes values and behaviours – you would naturally behave different in each place.
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SENSE OF PLACE
the subjective (personal) and emotional attachment to place.
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Space
an area with no meaning.
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Why is place important?
Place is important because due to it giving belonging, meaning and shaping identities, it has a great impact on groups and individuals so is very influential in how society develops.
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Placelessness
Placelessness is the idea that a particular landscape could be anywhere because it lacks uniqueness. EG. Airports.
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How does Placelessness occur?
This occurs when global forces have a greater influence on shaping places than local factors.
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What influences our attachment to place?
a place is influenced by the quality or intensity of the experience we have there.Therefore, the more enjoyable the experience or the greater degree in which we feel safe in a place, the more attached we feel to it.
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The tripartite model of place attachment
Another method of describing how place attachment exists. Contains 3ps, place, process, and person.
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Insiders
People who feel like they belong in a certain place and that is their home.
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Outsiders
People who feel out of place in a certain place and that they don’t belong.
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Characteristics of Insiders
Born in that country, Fluent in the local language, Understands unspoken rules of society. Conforms to local norms.Safe, secure, happy – feels at home in that country.
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Characteristics of outsiders
Not born in that country. They may be an immigrant or their parents may have been immigrants, Temporary visitor.Frequently may misunderstand social interactions.
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EXPERIENCED PLACES
When we visit places they then become EXPERIENCED PLACES
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what happens when visiting a place numerous times?
it can transition from being a FAR place to it feeling NEARER.
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What is ‘Social and Spatial Exclusion’?
Exclusion from society and feeling ‘out of place’ or not belonging to a certain society. This could result as poverty or perhaps belonging to a minority group. Spatial aspects of this can be to do with certain areas being excluded from society.
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Can SPATIAL exclusion be chosen and voluntary?
yes, homelessness by choice etc
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Gated Communities
Gated communities are enclosed housing estates where access is strictly controlled – only residents can go in and out.
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Are some Britons excluded from rural England?
Most immigrants arriving to England moved into urban areas As a result cities are home to large Black and Asian populations (who feel little connection to the countryside), whereas rural areas are home to large White populations.
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Census Data
Census data is a very useful tool in gaining statistics to generate perceptions of place.
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How can places change?
Places can change due to internal (endogenous) factors, like deindustrialisation, affection the physical features, economic functions or cultural landscape of a place, or due to external (exogenous) factors, like globalisation,
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Endogenous Factors
Internal factors that help shape the character of a place. These can be physical geographical features as well as human features
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Exogenous Factors
External factors that help shape the character of a place. These are generally the relations that a place has with other places that affects its characteristics.
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Endogenous Factors examples
Topography, Physical Geography, Infrastructure. Demographic characteristics, Built environment. Location. Economic characteristics. Land use
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Exogenous Factors examples
movement or flow of different things across a place: PEOPLE, RESOURCES, MONEY AND INVESTMENT IDEAS (Globalisation)
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Migration within the EU
When we were members of the European Union, the UK welcomed people from 28 EU countries as part of the free movement agreement.Two-thirds of these immigrants were Polish
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Industries that benefit from the migration
Industries such as fish processing in East Anglia benefitted due to the influx in labour.
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history of globalisation
empires e.g roman, slave trades e.g from africa to the americas, explorations e.g christopher columbus, trading companies e.g dutch east india trading company, incipient globalisation, full scale globalisation
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dimensions of globalisation
economic demographic political cultural environmental
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glocalisation
ultures and local places are resisting globalisation, and multinational companies are also increasingly having to adapt to the the local market place.
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negative implication of global sense of place
placelessness- like clone towns, settlements where the high stret is dominated by the chain stores. James Kunstler says 'ever place is no place in particular', the urban sprawl have lead to community- less cities. Places have been homogenised
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localisation movements
Totnes Pound: encourages people to shop locally and keep money in the local economy, so less money will leak out of the local area and get lost in global financial systems.
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representation of place
how a place is portrayed or seen by society.
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quantitative data
data that can be wuantified and verified, and is amendable to statistical manipulation. (i.e numbers)
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qualitative data
information which is non numerical and is used in relatively instructured and open-ended ways. descriptive information.
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subjective
based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes or opinions
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How to analyse a text?
subtext: what was the author aware of but chose to leave out of their work? e.g economy or environment. and
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mental maps
mental maps tell us a lot about people's perceptions of places; about how they interpret the world around them.
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why are mental maps useful to geographers?
tells us about peoples perception of places or their 'geographical investigations' at multiple scales e.g gaps in knowledge. can tell us about how positionality (age/race/gender) affects perception of places. role of media in peoples perceptions
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What is ‘Place Identity’?
Place identity is concerned with the meaning and significance of the place to the people who live their and its users. It is how people experience a place and the meanings they give to it.
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John Montgomery’s triangle of place identity
A theory by John Montgomery shows the 3 elements that contribute to a sense and place and thus will determine a part of place identity. Activity, Physical setting and Meaning
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Characteristics of a place

Back

Physical features:the site of land, resources,how these things have affected the place’s development • Economic functions: how it provides services and work • Cultural landscape: everything you can see in a place – nature, architecture, sports,

Card 3

Front

3 different aspects of the geographical concept of place

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

LOCATION

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

LOCALE

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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