dependent arising, meaning there are interdependent events which cause the existence or occurrence of other events
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What is the Dhamma?
first teaching of the Buddha. is the way the universe operates
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What is the nature of reality?
there are two basic beliefs in Buddhism about the nature of reality: first, the three marks of existence and second, "dependent arising"
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State one of the three marks of existence
Annicca: everything is impermanent and illusory. Everything changes and is constantly in flux
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State one of the three marks of existence
Anatta: since everything is constantly changing, there can be no permanent self or soul, as the elements which might make this are in constant flux
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State one of the three marks of existence
Dukkha: everything is constantly changing, which causes unsatisfactoriness, which leads to suffering
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Describe dependent arising
"If this exists, that comes to exist": Buddhists believe that we have many thousands of rebirths- we are each a changing bundle of elements born into many lifetimes, each trying to attain enlightenment.
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Where does the chain of existence come from?
dependent arising
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What is the definition of dependent arising?
that there are interdependent events which cause the existence or occurrence of other events
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What does links 1-2 relate to in dependent arising?
to past existence and what makes the present
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What does links 3-10 relate to in dependent arising?
to this existence and are shaping the future
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What does links 11-12 relate to in dependent arising?
to the future, based on links 1-10
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What is the definition of Skandhas?
five aggregates which make up each person
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State one of the skandhas
physical form (rupa) made up of the elements of air, earth, fire and water
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State one of the skandhas
sensations/ feelings (vedana)- caused when the eye sees, ear hears, mouth tastes, nose smells, body touches or mind thinks
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State one of the skandhas
perception (samjina)- perceptions of sense
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State one of the skandhas
mental formations (samskara)- the decision making part of our brain which makes us say/think/do something
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State one of the skandhas
awareness/ consciousness (vijanna)
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What is Sunyata?
is the skilful (upsala) means by which a person disentangles themselves from the impurity of existence and from unsatisfactoriness
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To realise sunyata is to what?
cease attachment and craving. It leads to enlightenment
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What is meditation?
is a means to understanding, hence meditation is being able to deliver enlightenment
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What did the Buddha describe sunyata as?
"void", "no rising and falling", "calmness" and "extinction". Without having this, he would not have been able to attain enlightenment
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What does Arhat mean?
in Theravada Buddhism, a perfected being (the state before enlightenment)
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What does Buddha-nature mean?
the belief that everyone possess the capacity to become Buddha
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What are the two schools of Buddhism?
Theravada and Mahayana
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What is a personal goal in Theravada Buddhism?
enlightenment which is sought by monks who become perfected beings
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What do individuals do in Mahayana Buddhism?
support others to achieve enlightenment
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State one way to become Buddha
following the path of Dhamma. This means having faith in the Buddha, showing determination to achieve enlightenment and not give up, cultivating wisdom in oneself and perfecting compassion and loving kindness towards others
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What do Mahayana Buddhism believe?
everyone has Buddha-nature - that is the potential to become Buddha, to become enlightened. It is the practise of Buddhism which helps us to realise our Buddha-nature for ourselves
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