Approaches to Psychology

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The origins of Psychology - Who is Wilhelm Wundt?
Wundt opened the first lab dedicated to psychology. He is known as the "father" of psychology
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The origins of Psychology - What is Introspection?
"Looking into" - the examination or observation of an individual's mental and emotion processes. The process by which a person gains knowledge about their own mental and emotional states as a result of examination / their conscious thoughts + feeling
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Behaviourist Approach - What is classical conditioning?
learning through association
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Behavourist Approach - What is operant conditioning
Learning is seen as an active process where humans operate on heir environment.
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Behaviourist Approach - What is positive reinforcement?
When behavior produces a consequence that is satisfying or pleasant
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Behaviourist Approach - What is negative reinforcement?
Removing something that is considered unpleasant
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Behaviourist Approach- What is the Social Learning Theory
Observing and imitating a role model
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Behaviourist Approach - Social Learning Theory - What is Identification?
adapting behaviour to imitate a role model because they are of a similar age/ gender etc.
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Behaviourist Approach - Social Learning Theory - What is vicarious reinforcement?
Reinforcement that occurs through observing someone else being rewarded for a certain behaviour
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Cognitive Approach - What is a schema?
A schema is a cognitive framework (package of information) that generates expectations of a certain stiuation from previous experiences.
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Cognitive Approach - What is the computer model?
A metaphor used to describe how the brain works by comparing it to a computer. Says both have input, storage, and output.
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Biological Approach - What is a gene?
part of a chromosome of an organism that carries DNA information
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Biological Approach - What studies are carried to investigate whether behaviours are inherited?
Twin studies. If MZ twins (identical) are found to have a higher concordance rate than DZ twins it would suggest it has a genetic basis.
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biological Approach - What is a genotype?
Genetic make-up of an individual.
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Biological Approach - What is a phenotype?
an individual's genetic potential which is influenced by their environment as to whether they achieve the potential
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Biological Approach? - What is Natural Selection?
the process which allows those which inherited characteristics that enhance their reproductive success to be passed on to future generations to become more populated
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The origins of Psychology - What is Introspection?

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"Looking into" - the examination or observation of an individual's mental and emotion processes. The process by which a person gains knowledge about their own mental and emotional states as a result of examination / their conscious thoughts + feeling

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Behaviourist Approach - What is classical conditioning?

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Behavourist Approach - What is operant conditioning

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Behaviourist Approach - What is positive reinforcement?

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